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. . THE OPTICAL. .
MAGIC LANTERN
SOUOURNAKT, And Photographic Qnlarger.
A Magazine of Popular Science for the Lecture-Room and the Domestic Circle. WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE “LANTERN WORLD.”
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Large Reductions. W. B, WHITTINGHAM & C0., Ltd., 2, Metal Exchange Bldgs., E.6,
LAR ME AE,
{Entered at Stationers’ Hall.)
102. NOVEMBER, 1807. Price 2d., Post Free 3d,
CINEMATOGRAPH wiseinin&io5. Fo'scRden" case bernition LENSES “OPTIMUS” MAGIC LANTERNS =o so: DRAWING ROOM «° LECTURE HALL.
Limelight may be adapted without alteration at an extra cost of 163., or in lieu of Lamp, Ts. Gd. extra.
Each Magic Lantern is efficient for Exhibitions. The Lens gives crisp definition, being a superior Achromatic Photographic Combination with rack and pinion. It is fitt€d to a telescopic lengthening tube, so gaining increased focal accommodation. The Condenser is composed of two . plano-convex lens of 4 inches diameter. ‘The refulgent lamp has three wicks, yielding a brilliantly illuminatcd picture. Each is complete in Box,
52/- W
LANTERN| PHOTOS.
Plain 1/- Coloured 1/6
All Accessories at veasonable prices.
Mahogany outside | Perforated Russian fahogany ‘Body,
Superior Japanned Body, Japanned € Russian Iron Bod a 5 , S y; I Body, B 8g zs Metal Body. Metal Stages, and Brass Sliding Tubes "Sliding Rubee ce E eee ties
Sliding Tubes. P . PERKEN, SON & RAYMENT, “sot cic::’ LONDON. OPTIMUS.’ Price £4 4s. MAGIC LANTERNS AND SLIDES.
WALTER TYLER’S «« HELIOSCOPIC ”” LANTERN
Is perfection of all Lanterns. Supplied to Indian Government, School Boards, Science Classcs, etc. Impossible to have lanterns giving better definition or more satisfactory results. Specially constructed Lens, which no other Lantern possesses, of extra large diameter, and 43-inch condenser. : ‘ :
The Best Lantern that can be made. ; = : Suitable to use with Oil or Limelight.
Best TRIPILES and BI-UNIALS. Perfect in every detail. Good Bi-unials, mahogany bodied, brass fronts, and all improvements, £5.58. Single Lanterns with 4-inch condensers, portrait front lens, 4-wick lamp, complete in case, 18s.
Hire Department.—Largest and best collcction of Slides in the World. Over 500,000 always in stock. Temperance, Travels, Scripture, Educational, Comic, Tales, etc. Second-hand Lanterns and Slides. Lists post free. = . 7 BEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE IN THE WORLD FOR EVERY REQUISITE
Be CONNECTED WITH MAGIC LANTERNS AND SLIDES. Latest Slide Sets.—'‘ Victoria’s Glorious Reign; its Inventions, Events and Progress" (60 slides)—'‘Jameson'’s Dash to the Transvaal” (60 slides), including valuable drawings by War Artists on the spot—‘ The Inhabitants of a Drop of Water ” (36 slides)—‘ The Life of a Frog” (20 slides;—" Ants and their Ways"’ (31 slides)—‘‘ The Human Body ” (60 slides)—' The Life of a Gnat" (10 slides)—'* Worms and their Work” (17 slides). Also 60 new slides on “ The Life of Christ.” Many of the foregoing have been procured at great expense, and will prove immensely popular this Season. If you wish to purchase, hire or exchange Lanterns, Slides, or Apparatus go to WALTER TYLER. Catalogue : free, or Large Catalogue post free twelve stamps. For Prices of OXYGEN and HYDROGEN, send for List.
WALTER TYLER, 48 to 50, WATERLOO ROAD, LONDON, S.E.
use HAUFF'S DEVELOPERS—AmipoL, METOL, GLYGIN.
ii. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Jew Lecture Lanterns.
FOR INCANDESCENT
No. 2. FOR. INCANDESCENT
wy
Japanned metal body, very compact, with open stage, oo burner support complete, and fitted into very neat japanned tin case.
Handsome metal body Lantern, Russian Iron L amp (reflector lined)
PRICE. and Cowl, with open stage and sliding tront, complete in japanned Si Fitted as specification above, without burner .. at 5s. _ 6d. Fitted as specification a above, without burner id ns £2 2s
“ PRIMUS ” FOLDING LANTERN (PATENT), “* PRIMUS ” GAS LANTERN.
Supplied. cans REGISTERED DESIGN, Ne. 262061.
pie oe Most Convenient, Compact, Complete
also be fitted for Lantern Extant.
either incandes- (+ : : ;
centgasor acety- Complete for Limelight, Acetylene, and lene gas if de- Incandescent Gas
sired.
., The whole is packed ? Complete with
interchangeable in a neat stained and | i blow — through varnished case, with | ig am lock and key, strap ¥ watt cloth carry: handle, and drawer ing case. for sundries, forming a very compact outfit.
PRICES. Ordinary Pattern, £6 6 O; Long Focus Pattern, £7 7 O,
LONG FOCUS GAS LANTERN.
PRICES ;—Ordinary peng £4 4 OQ; Aluminium Pattern, £6 6 O; Long Focus Pattern, £6 6 O,
W. BUTCHER & SON, BLACKHEATH, LONDON. S.E.
1898 Catalogue of Lanterns and Apparatus Free, eal Discounts to Dealers. Dealers supplied with every Lantern Requisite.
i a
iii.
| The = la Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
1898. GREATLY IMPROVED,
Ni \ ale
q —= aria,
Greatly reduced size. ance. fits inside lantern.
Fitted with three-wick lamp
Fitted with three-wick lamp
Fitted with three-wick lamp
i i ae No. ra.--IMPROVEMENTS.
Very neat app2ar- Three-draw chimney Handsome japanned case fits lantern exactly.
PRICE—
Open stage.
£1 5 6
No. 1.—Japanned Tin, all brass front,
complete in japanned tin case.
£1 4 9
No. 2.--Russian Iron, all brass front,
complete in japanned tin case.
.-£110 0
No. 3.--Russian Iron, with all brass front and sliding tube. In Russian iron case with handle, Y Ng PRICES — cea | Fitted with three-wick eal lamp .. oe --£210 O Fitted with four-wick lamp 212 6 Fitted with jet, complete for limelight .. 300
No. 4.—Russian Iron, massive all brass front and sliding tube, open stage, two panelled doors with brass rim sight holes. Complete in Russian iron case with handles.
PRICES—
Fitted with three-wick lamp ..£8 8 O four-wick lamp .. 8 5 6 jet, complete for
limelight... 2138 0 No. 6.—Mahogany Body, with one
panelled door and Jong double moulded base- board, brass-bound sight hole, heavy solid brass front and stages, well lacquered.
PRICES — Complete with tray and top for lime- light (no jet) ..£215 6 Complete with three-wick janis - 2180 four-wick lamp 3 00 Superior stained case 0786
1898 Gatalouue: of Lanterns ‘and Apparatus FREE.
W. BUTCHER & SON, BLACKHEATH, LONDON,
DEALERS SUPPLIED WITH EVERY LANTERN
Liberal Discounts to Dealers.
S.E:
REQUISITE,
iv.
‘The ‘Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
GENERAL ADVERTISEMENTS.
A PROFESSIONAL lanternist and cinematographist of great experience is open to engagements, with or without his own apparatus, in town or country, on very moderate terms. Reference, Editor of this Journal. —Addrers, Optics, 13, York-street, Walworth, London. \ REAT barguius in high-class triple, bi-unial, and o1l- (a lighted lanterns, grand effects, lecture sets, etc. ; illustrated lists post free 2d.—W. CU. Hughes, Brewster House, 82, Mortimer-road, Kingsland, London, N. | Stoners collapsible lantern, three lenses, jet, in : case, 63 by 7, £6 €s., cost £9 93. new.—Nicholson, 88, Watson-road, Sheffield. : REAT Bargain.—Bi-unial lantern, 40 feet cylinder, Beard’s regulator, tubing, jets, appliances; quantity of slides; selling through bad health, £10 10s.— Edwards, Photographer, Tamworth. ANTERN Slides.—Diamond Jubilee, 12; Jubilee Camp in Hyde Park, 12; At the Zoo, 90; St. Paul's, 50; London Views, 200; Hampton Court
Palace, 30; Westminster Abbey, 80; Ilfracombe, Lynton, ,
and Clovelly, 100; Kew Gardens, 10; and many others, 6s. the dozen. Write for list.—John Stabb, 152, Kensington Park-road, Bayswater, W.
Fo Sale. — Russian iron lantern, Stocks’ lamp, additional double rack telescopic objective, with |
'
10 inch lens for long distances, ejector jet, ether saturator |
(barrel), giving splendid: results, with special safety jet ; all good as new; what offers.— Lantern, 7, Clarence- terrace, St. Leonards-on-Sea.. ANTERKN slides made from negatives, either by contact or reduction for 94. each; highest refer- ences given, and the best class work guarsnteed. —G. Bacon, Coldash, Newbury, Berks.
: ARGAINS. — Timberlake's No. 3 saturator, 14s., |
mixed jet, packed latest, 10s., pair 1linch objectives, |
Adams, 15s., 4 inch Menicus bi-convex condenser, 5s., safety jets, 5s., or exchange slides.—Lanternist, 259, Linnyshaw, Walkden, Bolton.
V
geology; also on mining, and lectures on South
pee with single lantern, effective, simple and cheap, particulars and diagram 1s. ; or exchange © for effects or other slides, etc. — 4, Monmou'h-street, Oldbam.
io Sale. — A high-class triple by Steward of the Strand, very complete, and in perfect condition ; also cylinders, regulators, screens, screen frame, and a very large and unique collection of high-class dioramic effects, lecture, and humorous sets, and MSS. The attention of institutes, public entertainers; and lecturers is prrticularly invited. — Apply to C. W. Locke. — See page xii. IGHEST class bi-unial lantern, mahogany and rosewood body, double combination lenses, in jacket mount, 3 draw telescopic fronts, rolling curtain shutter. Ottway’s combination jets, six-way dissolving tap, packed in strong travelling case with drawer. To be sold ut a low prico. — Apply by letter to X., Office of this Paper. FEW hundred good second-hand slides to clear cheap, If you want slides prepared from negatives, photos, engravings, etc., or your plain slides artistically coloured, send to ue. You will find our work very cheap and very good. Prices and particulars free.—T.T. Wing, Slide Artist, Chatteris, Cambs. : FFECT Slides. — Several pairs, highest class; Sunset, Moonlight, Cloud, Lightning, and brilliant illumination effects; also Scripture subjects (Newton & Co.), and 24 Norwegian scenery, coloured; all cheap for cash.—G.. Sunonydene, Forest-road, Walthamstow.
ANTERNISTS'’ oak letter cases, incised and carved flowers, 6d., free 8d.; changing colours on screen ; Volcano in eruption; dissolver for single lantern, 6d. each, the three 1s.—Sec., Cong] School, Sydling, Dorset.
ANTED, cash offers for bound volumes LanTERN JOURNAL, June, 1889, to December, 1£97, perfect conditioa; 1,000 slides in sets, life models, 6d. slide;. coloured photos, 4d., plain ditto, 8d.— F. Bualson,
17, North Allington, Bridport.
ANIED. — Lantern slides, and micro slides on |
Africa.—M. Howieson, 16, Johnston-terrace, Edinburgh. _:
SPLENDID coloured photo lavtern slides to 5O clear, at 4s. 6d. per dozen; grand set of 60 Round the World and lecture, price 223.—Stanley, 9, Millerd-grove, Larch Lee, Liverpool. LANTERN operator, with his own apparatus, desires an engagement with a lecturer or other- wise.— Address, J. B., care of Journal. pP ROFESSOR BATE, lanternist and cinematographisi, for home and abroad; fakes and effects, copy- right.—67, Wellington-street, Bradford, Manchester.
ORTABLE lantern, Swift objective 12 inch, triple
condensers 4} inch, mixed jet with fine adjustment, Board carrier in case; together with oxygen and hydro- gen Brin cylinders, 12 cubic feet, and Beard governors to each ; cost over £30, and is in perfect condition.—F. T. Carter, Fortis Green, Finchley. I-UNLAL by Adams and Co., 5} objectives, rackwork curtain effect, two mixed and two blow-tbrough jets, dissolver, carriers, etc., in case; cost 15 guineas.—F. T. Carter, Fortis Green, Finchley. a generators for acetylene, made by the Acetylene Gas Company; cost 6 guineas, price 50s.—F. T. Carter, Fort’s Green, Finchley.
TANTED, a single optical limelight lantern ; send particulars to H.S., 112, Beckett-street, Leeds.
ANTERN Exhibitor, with general workshop experi-
ence in making and rep.ir of scientific apparatus ;
state age, experience, firms served, and present wage ;
Scotch or North of England man, who has had charge of others, preferred.—W.H , 1, Lothian-street. Edinburgh.
FEW good films for sale, cheap, or exchange Edison A perforation.—The Bijou, 6, Montpellier Walk, Cheltenham.
Acetylene & Lanternists.
“INCANTO ” GENERATORS
(From £1 5s.). Recognised as ‘The Best.” 2 Silver Medals Awarded.
Special Lantern Fittings, 2 burners, 7a. 6d.
3 burners, 12s. 6 CALCIUM CARBIDE (Broken).
Send Stamp for Illustrated Catalogue.
POR sale, oxygen cylinder 10 feet (nearly new), needle valve, fittings, key; 2ls.—J. Files, 402, Manchester- road, Clifton, Manchester.
THORN & HODDLE,
164, Camberwell New Rd., S.E.
WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE ‘LANTERN WORLD."
Vol. 8.— No. 102.
NOVEMBER, 1897. Price 2d., Post-free 3d.
CONTENTS. PAGE Notes... 2. s+ oe oe oe oe 00 ce ce os 00 ae ce oe 197 Lectures and Lanternists .. .. 1. os ee se ce ee oe oe 179 Exciting Occurrence in a Buildon Chapel .. .. .. .. «. «. IS] Spurge’s Gas Compressing Works .. «. 181
Prominent Men in the Lantern World. No. XIII.—Mr. F. York .. 182 The Lanternist’s Practical Cyclopedia.—No. XIII. .. .. .. . How Cinematograph Machines Work .. .. 2. «eee ee ve 185 Lantern Advertisements .. .. .. .. .. os ee 8 i The Finishing of Photographic Enlargements Keevil’s Lantern .. -. 4. 6. a ne oe ee te The Composition, Temperature, and Brilliancy of Flames. Are Ether Saturators Dangerous? .. .. .. .. .
Magic Lantern Journal Annual, 1897-8.
New Apparatus we we ve ee ve cl ++ 198 This ANNuaL was published on the 16th ult. Patent Toteligence:. <<... 21 1 1! 1] ft {2 hit | Those who have not yet obtained copies will do Conde, (LIL ii th tt trots ts as + ++ 195 | well to see to this at once, as the publishers Cofrespondence .. 6. 4. se oe oe te te ee ee we oe 195
Notes and Queries .. «. 6... 0. ee ee NOTICES. = = a
Life of a Cinematograph Film.—It has
THE Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic | been computed that with ordinary care a
Enlarger is issued on the Ist of-every month, price Two cinematographic transparency film can be
Pence, and may. be obtained from all Newsvendors, sh : Railway News Stalls, Photographic Dealers, or from exhibited about three hundred times.
the Publishers, at the following rates, post free :— ~ x te 12 months, 3/-. ‘United States, 75 cents. . . Excuance Column, General Wants, &c. (not Trade)— Death of Nelson.—A cinematographic trans- First 20 words, 6d.; and for every 3 additional | parency film has been prepared by Mr. Philipp words, 1d. Wolff, of 9, Southampton Street, to com- SMALL ADVERTISEMENTS must reach the office not | memorate the anniversary of Trafalgar. These later than the first post on the 24th of each month. All sets have been in such great demand that there cheques and postal orders to be made payable to the has been some little delay in supplying the
Magic Lantern Journal Company, Limited. : 7 4 : EDITORIAL communications must be addressed, films, but each order is being taken in rotation.
-. 196 | inform us that it is in great demand.
J. HAY TAYLOR, Advertisements and business ~ e es communications to Jos. T. Smith, Secretary, Magic Lantern Journal Company, Limited, 9, Carthu- Carbon Lantern Slides.—Mr. W. Tylar, of
Sian Street, London, E.C. Birmingham, has for sale a number of excellent
American Agenta:—The International News Co., 83 | Ccatbon slides of waves, fruit and flower studies, and 85, Duane Street, New York City. and miscellaneous views. :
178
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Methylated Spirit instead of Kerosene.— About a fortnight ago a lantern exhibition was about to be given to the St. Clement’s Band of Hope, at Kinson. By some foolish mistake the lamp reservoir had been filled with methylated spirit instead of kerosene, and as soon as the lamp was lighted it exploded. A spade was procured, and on it the lantern was carried out of the hall and a bucket of water poured over it. Eventually the lamp was filled with kerosene, and again lighted, and as might have been expected under the circumstances, again exploded. The flames were again put out and the exhibition abandoned.
~ ~ ~
Jubilee Procession at Caleutta.—For some time past the cinematographic slides of the Jubilee procession, at the Theatre Royal, Calcutta, have been drawing large crowds. On the last day on which they were exhibited the children of the various schools, to the number of about 600, were provided with seats, and it proved a most interesting treat for the children.
od ~ cod
Holloway Social Union.—Weekly meetings of this Society are held on Wednesday evenings at 7.30, at Warlter’s Road Lecture Hall, Camden Road, Holloway, the following being some of the subjects announced, further par- ticulars of which may be obtained from the Hon. Sees., Mr. Frank How, Oakville, Holly Park, Crouch Hill, and Mr. F. R. Wright, ‘‘ Dunsmarle,” Sunnyside Road, Hornsey Lane. Nov. 8rd, ‘Dr. Johnson and his Friends,”’ Rev. Bernard J. Snell, M.A., B.Sc. Nov. 10th, Soiree: Juvenile Entertainment. Nov. 17th,
‘“‘ Russia’’ (illustrated by lantern views), Thos. |
Lough, M.P. Nov. 24th, Amateur Shake- sperian Recitals. Dec. 1st, ‘‘ Richard Jefferies,’ Harry Lowerison (Fabian Society). Dec. 8th, MSS. Lecture by the late Mark Wilks. Dec. 15th,
Christmas Entertainments: Tableaux Vivants, |
ete.
* ~ >
National Photographic Record Associa- tion.—This association has been formed for collecting records of objects and scenes of interest throughout the British Isles with a view of depositing them in the British Museum, where they can be safely stored and be accessible to the public under proper regulations. Mr. Geo. . Scamell, 21, Avenue Road, Highgate, London, hon. secretary, will be glad to hear from photo- graphi¢ workers and those interested.
| usual operator can be dispensed with.
Slide-changing Device.—A patent bas been taken out by Mr. Newman, of,New York, U.S.A., for ‘a device for changing slides in an optical lantern.” A magazine in which a number of slides are arranged is furnished with a guide- way connecting it with the slide stage, such guide-way being made telescopic. Spring catches bring the slides into the stage at the will
| of the lecturer, who controls each movement by | pressing a ball. | tance off, all that is necessary being a small
The lecturer can be any dis-
tube to reach from him to the lantern. It is claimed that by the use of this apparatus ee
6 have heard this story before, and in this country an inventor produced an appliance by which the lime was also turned by the same means whilst the slide was being changed, but all: this, though good in theory, does not in practice take the place of the operator.
ot te %
Acetylene.—The following notification, dated Oct. 15th, has been published in the London Guzette under date Oct. 19th, in substitution for that published in the Gazette on Oct. 15th :— ‘«Eixplosives Act, 1875. Notice is hereby given that, after the expiration of forty days from the date hereof, it is proposed to submit to Her Majesty in Council, in pursuance of the above- mentioned Act, the draft of an Order in Council declaring acetylene, when liquid or when subject toa certain atmospheric pressure, and when not specially exempted by an order of the Secretary of State, to be an explosive within the meaning of ‘the Explosives Act, 1875,’ and prohibiting its being manufactured, imported, kept, con- veyed, or sold.”
ae m
Sale of a Lantern Business, — Messrs. Searle and Anderson, of Luton, have disposed of their lantern apparatus and slide business to Mr. Frank Knight, who has had the entire management of the business for a long time past.
cod ee od
Uninflammable Celluloid, — Those who have been scared with the absurd thought that celluloid films are dangerous to use as they are very inflammable can console themselves with the report that they can be made uninflammable as follows :—Ordinary celluloid is dissolved in acetone and a solution of magnesium chloride
| in alcohol added.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. v.
ARCHER’S IMPROVED OPTICAL LANTERNS.
Two Prize Medals.
Proved pupericr to 66 99 our new PERFECT all others, A Single Lantern and See Reports. Automatic Dissolver. See Enthusiastic Testimonials from Paut LanGE, Esq., G. E. THompson, Esq., Manchester
Camera Club, and many others. ““THE IDEAL," the Lantern of the future. Price £8 15s. complete. No. 3, Plainer Form, £6 68. COMPLETE., The Improved “PHOTINUS ” is the most powerful oil lantern in the world. Price £4 4s.
The Best ‘ BLO-THRO "SAFETY JET in the Market. 500 Candle-power. Price only 16s, Send for List, Post Free.
Will show to perfectionany distance from ARCHER’S NEW OPAQUE SCREENS, just supplied to the Manchester Photo the screen, Society, as they proved, THE BEST OF ALL, (See Testimonial.)
ARCHER & SONS, Lantern Specialists and Manufacturers, 43 to 49, Lord Street, Liverpool.
Established 1848, Illustrated Lists free, Effect Slides painted for Wholesale London Houses. All kinds of Slides made to order.
‘THORNTON: PICKARD
NEW CAMERA,
The ‘‘AMBER.,”
Suitable for all kinds of work. May be used as a first- class Tripod Camera, or as a Hand Camera. i
From £5 3s. Gd. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE.
THE THORNTON-PICKARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY, ALTRINCHAM, NEAR MANCHESTER. PATENTS and TRADEMARKS.
W.P. THOMPSON & CO.,
“OIRCEVERY Lonoon. 322, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. — caserone ten. Also at 6, LORD ST., LIVERPOOL; 6, BANK ST., MANCHESTER; LOWER TEMPLE ST., BIRMINGHAM.
Patents secured, maintained, defended and worked in all countries. Oppositions conducted, searches made, opinions on infringements g given, and expert evidence arranged. Trademarks, Designs and Copyrights secured and defended in all countries granting protection.
Handbook of Patent Law. Tenth Edition. British Portion, 6d. All countries, 2s. 6d.
SLIDE PAINTING COLOURS.
SPECIALLY PREPARED for PAINTING MAGIC LANTERN SLIDES.
In Collapsible Tubes and Glass Pots
Boxes fitted with Varnish Colours, 8s., 10s. 6d., 15s., and 30s. each.
Water os 2s., 8s., and 21s. each.
‘A Manual on Painting on Glass and How to Use the Magic Lantern,” Is. each.
Also Manufacturers of the New Chromo Printed Magic j it i y o2-in, uare. Laniern Slides, #8: Per Set of 12 6 Subeces
Price Lists Post Free, or can be had from any Optician,
J. BARNARD & SON,
Mamufacturing Artists’? Colourmen (RETAIL, WHOLESALE AND EXPORT),
19, BERNERS STREET, LONDON, W. ENGLAND.
W. WATSON & SONS, 313, ‘High Holborn, London, W.c.
£12193 THE MOTORGRAPH. £49 198.
For Projecting Animated Pictures and Exposing Films for producing same.
vi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
CONSTRUCTION, very strong without complications. WORKING, simplicity itself. ACTION, steadier than high-priced machines. Can be used with any Magic Lantern. Takes Films of Standard Perforation. Produces most brilliant picture, passing more light than otter machines. Absolutely Reliable! Cannot be Deranged in Working!! Very Compact (Outside size 6 x-43 x 5). For full particulars of above and prices of Films, write for Catalogue No. 8. NEW SEASON’S SLIDE LIST READY SHORTLY, W. WATSON & SONS = (Opticians To H.M, GOVERNMENT), 313, High Holborn, London, W.C.; and 78, Swanston Street, Melbourne, Australia.
CTUAL MANUFACTURERS OF J. THEOBALD & COMP ANY, Optical Lanterns and Slides.
Over 100 Special Sets of Superior Photographic Slides at 6d. each. Romeo and Juliet. The Three Bears. Overland Route to Iadia. Jane Conquest. All the most popular Sets. 50 Varieties of the Celebrated high-grade Lithograohic Lantern Slides, well coloured, made on the premises, from 6d. per doz.
Comie Moveable Slides, full size, from 7/6 dozen.
Rackwork ditto. from 2/6 each. 9-ft. Lantern Screens 8/6. Condens: rs,
Fronis, Objectives, Jubilee Pro- From 20/- Instruments and all cession Subjects. Tripods Regu- apparatus in connection therewith. fators. Gauges. Carriers, &c., &c.
4-in, Condenser & 3-wick Lamp, 18/6.
Cinematograph Films
JUVENILE Lanterns and Slides on Hire. LANTERN OPERATORS SETS . SENT OUT. from 1/= ‘ ACTUAL MANUFACTURERS. _ Illustrated Catalogue Post Free.
J. THEOBALD & COMPANY, 19, FARRINGDON ROAD, LONDON, E.C.
The Great Lantern Novelty for the Coming Season is
THE AERIAL GRAPHOSCOPE
(BRUCE'S PATENT), Showing Lantern Pictures IN SPACE and BOLD RELIEF without a screen, and Weird Ghost Effects and Fairy Like Visions. Amongst the special copyright effects designed for this novel apparatus are Bluebeard’s Closet, the Phantom Ship, the Spectral Air-Drawn Dagger, Faust’s Vision of Marguerite in the Walpurgis Night Scene, &c., &c. Lately added — Marvellous Moving Pictures in Space, The Animated Spirit Hand, The Decapitated Head Resuscitated, Th> Apparition, &c., &c. . The Apparatus can be purchased outright, and let out on hire. Exhibitions are also arranged for all kinds of . Entertainments, with experienced operators.
For all Particulars, apply to
E. S. BRUCE, 19, Campden House Road, Kensington, LONDON, W.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
179
-Lecturers and Lanternists.
AMERICAN ENTERPRISE.
N this country it is the custom, for the most part, of lecturers of note to negotiate their own lecturing engagements ; and when they are in the habit of employing the lan- tern to illustrate their remarks,
either engage their own operator or call in the aid of a dealer in apparatus to supply apparatus, slides, and operator, in part or in whole. The lecturer it will thus be seen ‘bosses the show,” and the operator is merely a subservient and silent adjunct, while the whole of the credit goes to the former.
In the United States matters are taking quite a different turn, and the lanternist is in many cases taking his fair share of credit in connection with illustrated lectures.
While he was on a visit to this country a short time ago, we had a long talk with Mr. Gould W. Hart, of 849, Monroe Street, Brooklyn, U.S.A., who may be considered as the, pioneer in the matter of taking lecturers in hand. Mr. Hart, it may be said, is an up-to- date lanternist in every sense of the word; and is also a strong believer in printers’ ink in the form of pamphlets, etc., which begin with an announcement after the following style :—
“The attention of Pastors, Sunday School Superintendents, Teachers, Entertainment Com- mittees, Societies, and others is called to the partial List of Men and Topics herewith presented.
‘« Many of the men are well known and have been long in the lecture field. The topics cover a wide range, and all of them are illustrated with beautiful lantern pictures.
‘A lecture to be popular must be illustrated ; and it is wise to employ the best apparatus and manipulation in order that the illustrations may be presented to the public in all their beauty. This Ican do, and I am also prepared to bring you in contact with these people, and to aid you in finding a speaker and topic suitable for your purpose.”
Among the list of lecturers mentioned, or we might say controlled, we find such names as Alexander Black, James Bowie, P. 8S. Curtiss, William Danmar, Rev. H. A. Monroe, D.D., Arthur Collins Maclay, Dr. George W. Powell, Alice D. le Plungeon, Cyrus H. Taylor, William EK. Platt, Gould H. Hart, Prof. W. C. Peckham, Prof. Chas. Sprague Smith, and many other well-known popular lecturers. Each lecturer
has, of course, several subjects upon which he or she is prepared to lecture, and these are set out with much detail in the pamphlets, from one of which, headed
colour and polarised light,
‘we shall quote: ‘‘Modes of obtaining colour, dispersion, absorption, and interference ; the glories of Nature’s robe ; the setting sun and the rainbow; the qualities of colour; polarisation, its cause, modes, effects ; most beautiful objects in polarised light; crystals glowing with ex- quisite tints formed on the screen before the
‘eye; the most gorgeous effects science can
produce; it is an evening in an enchanted land.”
When slides are sent out by Mr, Hart, he always places at one end of the box of slides a card the size of a lantern slide bearing the following notice :—
NOTICE.
The Lantern Operator will find the first Slide to be used in the end of the box.
TITLE op LECTURE
A special point is made of supplying printed pamphlets to each lecturer on the list for his own use, commencing with the title of the subject, and then the name of the lecturer, together with a synopsis of the lecture itself. The fact of the management of the lantern being in the hands of is not omitted, and testirionials and extracts from daily papers are by no means neglected in these pamphlets.
The subject of the lantern, or stereopticon as it is usually termed in America, is brought prominently before those likely to be interested in the following neat and impressive manner :—
A word for the Stereopticon.
‘The constantly increasing uses of the stere- opticon in our churches, schools, colleges, public halls, and even private houses, is mani: st to all, and its popularity is well deserved, for it enables the speaker to present not an imaginary representation, but a picture of the thing or
place itself.
180
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
It is said that a nation’s prosperity depends |
largely upon a cheap, rapid and safe mode of transportation. depends more largely upon a cheap, rapid and safe means of spreading knowledge among the masses.
Does not the stereopticon do this ?
But just as the locomotive requires a skilled hand at the throttle to obtain from it the safest and best results, so the stereopticon requires careful and skilful manipulation by one who is
‘an expert, who understands its principles and |
capabilities.
Such a man will produce results which will raise the stereopticon to a higher level and broaden its usefulness.
T have only men of known ability in my employ. My apparatus is of the finest con- struction. No expense having been spared in
the purchase of superior jets, dissolving keys, .
lenses, etc.
Much of my apparatus as well as methods of use are original with myself and have never failed to give perfect satisfaction.
It is my ambition to make the name of
HART synonymous with all that is best in -
the line of illustrating with the stereopticon. To Parsons.
A really good stereopticon exhibition is one of the finest, most enjoyable entertainments that can be given. It will have a strong tendency to weaken the desire for low theatrical perform- ances and increase taste for more healthful amusement,
The mission of the stereopticon is great, and must come to the front. the door to its greater influence among your people?
1 can help you to place valuable, interesting and instructive information before your people.
To give innocent entertainment to the youth of your church.
To attract children to your Sunday school, by showing them beautiful pictures. .
To rais2 money for church, Sunday school, or charitable work.
I am prepared to do anything or everything in the line of illustrating with the stereopticon, in the most careful, prompt, and satisfactory manner, and at reasonable prices.
If you desire I can furnish complete outfit, comprising choice of a large number of topics,
Will you not open |;
If you have any topie upon which you
| yourself would like to lecture, and have no May it not be said that it |
illustrations, I can obtain them for you, or if you have photographs of your own, I am
| prepared to make from them lantern slides.
If you contemplate any work in this line, I shall be pleased to correspond with you, and
| give you any advice or information in my ' possession, whether you wish to employ me
or not. Church Fairs.
If your church intends to hold a fair during the coming fall or winter, I can help you to raise money.
Ist. By the use of my stereopticon in one of the smaller rooms in which I can give a number of short exhibitions of beautiful pictures (it may be called an art gallery) to which a smail admission may be charged.
2nd. By the use of my phonograph with a select collection of records.
I will work either of the above on a
| percentage or at so much per evening.
3rd. I will make a photograph of your church and place a copy in your hands, from which orders may be received at the fair. A good margin of profit allowed on each one sold.
Calcium lights furnished for tableaux, Christ- mas trees, etc. Stereopticons operated, lectures furnished. Lantern slides made.
Only honest conscientious work done.
If your church intends to have a fair or illus- trated entertainment, and you look with favour upon any of the above plans, I shall be glad to hear from you.”
From quite a small beginning, working solely by himself, this energetic gentleman has gradu- ally worked his way to the front until he now controls several departments, at the head. of each is placed an experienced man, and in this manner business has extended from that of
; operator to what-might be termed a lecturer’s
agency.
Symptoms of the desirability of such an agency for lantern lecturers are not wanting in this country, and we heard a few days ago from a prominent Liverpool firm which deals in lanterns, that they had on one or two occasions
. been asked by lecturers if they could place their
. manner
illustrated and described by various well-known speakers, stereopticon with operator, printed |
show cards, circulars and tickets. If you have a lecture and illustrations of your own, I will furnish and operate the stereopticon.
|
names and lectures on a list with a view of booking engagements. A fine field can in the mentioned be opened out in this country by some energetic firm, who will supply operators and apparatus of the very best, and in fact take in hand the scientific lecturer, who as often as not cannot be termed a good business man.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. Vii.
NOAKES & NORMAN,
Manufacturers of Lantern and Photographic Apparatus.
“ "IMPROVED MAHOGANY OIL LANTERN, with 6 polished mahogany body, moulded door, and _ brass window, 4-inch Condenser, and compound achromatic
front lens, with flashing shutter. Complete in Case - - £3 7s. 6d. The above Lantern can be ;
fitted for limelight if de-) The Noakes’ Patent Intermediate Gas Regulator,
sired at the same price.
Giving perfect control over the gas, and pre- venting all noise and roaring when _— using compressed gas,
ig
PRICE 4s, EACH.
These can be fitted to any jet, either in place of, or to act in Uh conjunction with the :
= existing jet taps SSS (NTT SF
SPECIAL MIXED JET OF VERY HIGH CANDLE-POWER
Made on an improved mode!, with the Noakes’ Patent Intermediate Regulators and rack adjustment for lime, as used at the Royal Albert Hall to illuminate a 43-ft. disc. No extravagant consumption of gas. . Price £2. The Invicta Cinematograph, Steadiest machine made. Lantern and Cinematograph parts a speciality. Large stock of Lauterns, Triple, Bi-unial, and Single. Lantern Accessories, Slides for Hire or Purchase and Photo- graphic Apparatus. DISSOLVING VIEW and ANIMATED PICTURE ENTERTAINMENTS PROVIDED,
NELSON STREET, GREENWICH, LONDON.
BRIN'S OXYGEN.
For Limelight, Medical, Metallurgical, and other purposes.
OXYGEN of Guaranteed Purity supplied in Cylinders of the Best BRITISH Manufacture, and complying with all the established Tradeand Railway Regulations.
The public are respectfully informed that all Cylinders which are filled by the Briny| _ CompanirEs (whether their own or their Customers) are labelled with the Companies’ Trade Mark} This label guarantees the purity of the Gas, and is a further guarantee that the Cylinder has/. been tested and proved sound in every respect by the Brin Company which has filled it. Cus-y tomers who wish to procure BRIn's OXYGEN are requested to see that the Cylinders supplied‘ to them bear this label, which is also stamped with the date on which the Cylinder was filled. The Works of the Brin CompPaNIEs are open during business hours to the inspection of’ their Customers, who are at liberty to test the quality of Gas being manufactured, and to watch
their own Cylinders being tested and filled. Registered Trade Mark
Price Lists of Gases, Cylinders, and all Accessories, can be obtained from the Company’s accreditcd Agents, or wilt te sent Post free on application.
BRIN'S OXYGEN COMPANY, Limited, 34, Victoria Street, WESTMINSTER, $.W. Works—69, Horseferry Road, WESTMINSTER, $.W.
MANCHESTER OXYGEN COMPANY, Limited, Great Marlborough Street, MANCHESTER
BIRMINGHAM OXYGEN COMPANY, Limited, Saltley Works, BIRMINGHAM. .
Addresses—
viii. - The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
J.H.STEWARD’S
OPTICAL LANTERNS
FOR
INCANDESCENT GAS, LIME, OR ELECTRIC LIGHT. _
Finest Lenses. Best Work. Moderate Prices.
CATA ESGUES POST FREE.
Gi 3 tifully Stead CINEMATOGRAPH ES, aniiiingseamimysteay OQ Qs. Or with Lantern Complete, £13 10s., £20, and £86.
BEST QUALITY FILMS OF THE MOST INTERESTING EVENTS OF JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS. ALSO BEST REALISTIC EFFECTS.
The Davenport-Steward Universal Arc Lamp (1897 PATENT),
Has perfect adjustments for centering, and will answer perfectly for any current from 7 to 20 amperes, and give any required I Tllumination from 500 t to 9; OOO candle-power.
aaa : COMPACT, PRACTICAL, AND PRICE SATISFACTORY.
£5 Ds.
COMPLETE.
Best Quality.
Other Patterns, FROM £4 4S. ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUES ial Post Free.
-As arranged for Alternating Experimental Work.
As arranged for Direct Currents. NEw EFFECTS OF THE JUBILEE DECORATIONS. NEW PHOTOGRAPHIC SETS OF THE DIAMOND JUBILEE PROCESSION AND SERVICE AT ST. PAUL'S. IMPROVED JETS, ETC., ETC.
406, 457, Strand, W.G.; 7, Gracechurch Street, E.G. ; LONDON.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journa) and Photographic Enlarger.
181
Exciting Occurrence in a Baildon Chapel.
HE exciting occurrence in a Baildon Chapel, to which such prominence was given in many of the leading newspapers, furnishes an apt com-
mentary on the avidity with which
the daily press seizes upon the exciting with little regard to accuracy. If it had not been for the Paris disaster it is unlikely that this little incident would have attracted any attention outside the locality in which it took place. ‘The whole affair was grossly exaggerated, and the Bradford Observer is the only paper which contained a correct paragraph on the subject.
Messrs. Bentley and Rigg, the operators on this
occasion, were working a cinematograph without
an alum tank, and unfortunately they had
It appears that |
placed their apparatus in such a position that -
the heat rays converged upon the very centre of their film. They admit that as a conse- quence of this their disc was illuminated, but did not attribute this to the position of the apparatus. They bad shown about nine pictures, when one of the films slipped in the machine, aud as the operator was attending to it with the
full blaze of light
upon the film, it fired. Instead of allowing the fire to burn out, as it would have done in his type of machine, at the expense of the loss
of one picture only, he turned his film back |
towards his film box, his object being to save the contents of the receptacle which contained his used films. By this means he conducted the
flame to the upper part of the film, which fell |
into the receptacle below, fired the remainder
of the films, and caused a large flame to shoot ,
up for a few seconds. There was, of course, a panic, and the people made for the doors, but Mr. Bentley, who with commendable presence of mind had turned off the gas at his cylinders, jumped upon a form and shouted to the people that all was right. The panic was speedily allayed and nobody was hurt. Neither of the operators sustained the slightest injury, and the little girl who was reported to be so severely burned had merely a spark burn upon her face and followed her employment next day. The reports which the papers circulated caused
great annoyance to the people whose names | were mentioned, as it subjected them to much |
ridicule on the part of their fellow work-people.
It must be noted that there was absolutely no |
imperfectly °
; can, of course, travel.
drapery of any kind round the apparatus ; there was no explosion, or, in fact, anything that’ was in the remotest degree connected with the
| illuminant; there was no damage to the chapel,
nor to anything except the films. The danger, of course, arose from the state of panic into which the crowded audience was thrown.
It will be of interest to some of our readers to know that from actual experiments conducted on the following day with highest power lime- light, it was found that when the film was in the centre of the converged light rays and no alum tank was used, it took only six or.’ seven seconds to fire the film. When the film was pushed two or three inches nearer the con- denser, and in such position that the disc was correctly illuminated on the screen, twenty minutes’ exposure to the same light failed to fire it, though it was much scorched. (This does not apply to electric light.) __
When water tanks are used there is prac- tically no danger of firing the film, but tanks leak very soon, and they stop a great deal of light, and on these accounts are discarded by the majority of operators. If a film should fire in a machine which is closed in, it can only destroy one inch of the film, and if it be allowed to burn itself out no damage would be done; but in machines of open construction the flame Although it is of import- ance that all cinematograph operators should thoroughly understand their instruments and be acquainted with the modus operandi, it ig un- fortunate that ‘‘ penny-a-liners” should be allowed to give such misleading reports about explosions, severe burns, drapery in flames, etc., etc., a8 were so eagerly published in connection with this regrettable incident.
sie CO Koa<
CompressingWorks.
A(R. JAMES B. SPURGE, who has
#| long been an authority in connec- tion with the subject of the manu- wz6 facture and compression of gases, xe S* has opened new works at 45, p Greek Street, London, W., where he has laid down a most complete and perfect A special point is made of the thorough testing of cylinders ere they are filled with gas. :
The cylinder having passed the annealing stage and stamped accordingly, is filled with water and attached to an hydraulic pump of special design, the water is forced in till the
182
pressure reaches 14 tons (2,800 lbs.) per square inch; gauges in duplicate being provided to ensure accuracy. Itis next beaten with a metal mallet to develop any inherent weakness, which, if present, would be shown by a fall on the gauges. The pressure is next increased to
1} tons (8,600 lbs.) ; the expansion is noted by | the amount of water required to effect this. | The stretch or permanent set of the walls is :
indicated by permitting the water to return into the pump, consequently if there has been any inerease of capacity or enlargement of the cylinder, all of the water forced in would not return, and such being the case the cylinder would be condemned.
When proved satisfactory it is punch-marked in‘such a way as to enable one reading the
entry at the works to know all about it before |
charging with gas. The inside of the cylinder is also examined by means of a small electric lamp which is inserted when the valve is off.
The same amount of care is taken when charging with gas, and two separate methods are employed, one to test the other. The safety valve is set at a certain pressure and locked so that it is impossible for it to be
altered by chance,
then two pressure gauges indicate the amount of compression, and lastly, the gas is also weighed. Each cylinder while being filled hangs on a delicate scale, a weight equivalent to the amount of gas to be compressed being adjusted. Thus, when the cylinder has received its charge the scale operates and the gauges indicate the corresponding pressure. In case of excess the safety valve opens and relieves the surplus.
At‘ the time of our visit, valves were being
turned on a powerful lathe driven by steam, and by means of the turret system with which it is | fitted, the work seemed particularly simple, yet ‘
each valve was turned and finished with mathe- matical accuracy one to the other.
Being the inventor of the well-known Duplex |
regulator, Mr. Spurge possesses the right to manufacture them, and will shortly have many ready for use. Mr. Spurge has also a large connection among dentists and others for liquid nitrous oxide gas.
20: :
Eastman PHotograruic Exarprrion.—From October 27th to November 16th, the Eastman Photographic Exhibition at the New Gallery, 121a, Regent Street, W., will remain open daily from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m., and also on Monday and Thursday evenings from 8 to 10, Four galleries have been arranged for the display of apparatus and photographs taken in all parts of the world.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
: Prominent Men
in the Lantern World,
No. XIII.—Mr. FREDERICK YORK.
"7'L may safely be said that among lan- “, ternists there are none but who have heard of York’s lantern slides. The headquarters of this firm, which was founded by the subject of our sketch, are situated at 67, Lancaster Road, Notting Hill, W. Like many other prominent men, Mr. York was by his relatives intended for quite a different line of business.
His birthplace and old home is Bridgwater, and the record of his birth appears in the year 1823. After the usual years of schooling it was. decided to make a lawyer of him, but he soon found that his tastes did not lie in this direction, sohe was in 1839 apprenticed to a chemist at Bristol, and it was this step which was the means of his becoming interested in photography. Photogenic paper, which was mostly used for taking impressions of leaves, ferns, etc., was sold at the chemists, and Mr. York, in handling it, had his interest aroused to such an extent. that he began the then system of photographic procedure, and in due course became particu- larly efficient at taking pictures. Fortunately
. or unfortunately for his future career, his health ; became very delicate, and in 1853 he was
advised by his doctor to go to the Cape of Good Hope, where he rapidly improved and took up the subject of photography as a hobby, but this hobby resulted in bis having a large photographic business a couple of years later. In these days photographic materials and chemicals were not procurable in that part of the world, and it was then that Mr. York’s knowledge of chemistry came to his aid, and we learn of his having to rectify ether, manufacture his own pyroxaline, convert Mexican silver dollars into nitrate of silver, etc., in order to replenish his stock.
After spending several years in this manner, he, feeling that all his strength had returned, felt a hankering after old England, and after weighing the matter pro and con disposed of his business and returned to this country in 1861, and in the following year commenced outdoor photography in London, and _ took several thousands of negatives of places of interest; from these he made lantern slides. The demand for slides became greater and greater, assistants had to be obtained, and so the well-known house of business started. As it grew other premises became necessary,
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ix.
Kodak Pictures and Appliances.
To see FINE PHOTOGRAPHS, ARTISTIC and ORIGINAL DECORATIONS, NOVELTIES IN APPARATUS, TECHNICAL ILLUSTRATIONS,
visit the
a — Eastman _—_oom Photographic Exhibition
AT THE
NEW GALLERY
121a Regent Street, London, W.,
Open 27th OCTOBER to 16th NOVEMBER, 1897..
Daily, 10 a.m, to 7 p.m. Evenings: [londays and Thursdays, 8 p.m. to 10 p.m.
EASTM A N Photographic Materials Company, Ltd., 115=117 Oxford Street, ? vee 60 Cheapside, LON DON.
PARIS: Avenue de l’Opéra 5. Place Vendor ROCHESTER, N.Y., U.S.A,, BERLIN: Eastinan Kodak Gesellschaft, on x, Markgrafen Strasse gr. Eastman Kodak Co.
x. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Please Note !
THE SANDELd PLATES
Are NOW REDUCED to
ORDINARY * PRICES.
The Best and Cheapest Line the Dealers can Stock.
Remember all Sizes can be Stocked with impunity.
CARGO” THE PLATES KEEP eee
: : : a ats, oak aI ES dds Sas Sa a Bi, hats, fi ade we, a ‘e SS Se a eros SRO ae tes as a, a
— SANDELL L ae
LANTERN * PLATES.
THE PLATES THAT ALL sooner or later MUST USE,
The REVISED PRICE LISTS are Now Ready. Supplies will be forwarded on application.
The SANDELL WORKS 60, Ltd, South Norwood, LONDON, 7
Telegrams—* STEREOGRAM, ecu Managing Director---J. T. SANDELL.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
183
and Mr. York erected a slide factory in his native town, the work from which was sent to the London offices daily. Work of all descrip- tions was turned out with great promptitude, and promptness has been associated with his firm ever since its commencement. The high quality of York’s slides are too well-known to need comment.
At the offices and works at Lancaster Road, where the commercial portion of the business is managed, very convenient arrangements are made for taking life model sets, and a species of stage is
>
W. H. Prestwich, Tottenham.
Photo by
kept for the purpose. Here is stocked scenery and properties of various descriptions, and the wardrobe room contains dresses enough to make one think it had some connection with one of the London theatres.
Of late years the firm has been changed from Frederick York to that of York and Son, and much of the business transactions fall upon the broad shoulders of Mr. William York.
We asked Mr. York if he had any idea as to the number of slides which had been made and
published by his firm. ‘ Taking,” he said, ‘‘from 1870 to the commencement of the present year the sales would represent the following
proportions. The slides if pluced in a continu- ous line would reach from London to Manchester, 184 miles; their gross weight
would be 93 tons, equal to twelve railway truck loads, and if placed one on each other would form a column 20,846 feet high.”
The question is—What becomes of these ? Had they been biscuits we could readily under-
' stand, but glass is not a digestible article.
Mr. York’s kind deeds are well known to those whom he has assisted from time to time. Of
this outsiders know little or nothing, for in this | matter he adheres strictly to the advice | contained in Matthew vi., 1.
ea RS.
The Lanternist’s Practical Cyclopzdia.*—No. XIII.
By CHARLES E. RENDLE.
Hyprocen Gas.—The lightest of a1] known substances,
the air we breathe being nearly 144 times heavier than : hydrogen. Hydrogen is the chief constituent of water. ' It isfound in most all animal and vegetable substances, | and constitutes 1-9th of the water of the globe, The ordinary method of preparing hydrogen gas in a small way is from zinc and sulphuric acid. It is advisable to granulate the zinc, which is easily done by melting it in a ladle, and pouring it whilst in liquid state from a height into a vessel containing water, the object of this being to give a greater surface for the acid to work upon. Next place the zinc in a two-necked chemical bottle and well cover it with water. If the zinc be but partly covered, the acid will no doubt act upon the exposed parts with much violence, causing accidents, havoc, aud damage. Into one of the necks, a thistled- top glass tube must be fixed, the bottom of which must nearly touch the bottom of bottle. From the second neck a delivery tube is arranged, so that as the gas is generated it is carried off by this delivery tube to the collecting trough—which is a trough of water— where it is purified, after which it passes into the cylinder, bag, or other receptacle for storage. Assuming the apparatus to be in readiness, the acid must be poured into the funnel of tube in very smal] quantities at the time, when the gas at once will begin to flow and pass from the generating bottle to the tank, and from the tank to the receiver. It is most important that the acid be added very gradually for more reasons than one. Before the acid is applied, the bottle is partly filled with air, and this must be dispersed slowly. Hydrogen mixed with air is highly explosive, and too much care cannot be exercised in making it. The novice is also cautioned against bringing a light in contact with the mixture. It is further advised to test the gas before using it in quantity. This is done by collecting a little in a test tube, when if the gas be pure it should burn with a soft bluc flame. A lighted taper will also be extinguished by plunging it into the
*All rights reserved,
184 The Optical Magic Lante:n Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
gas, and again rekindle into flame on withdrawing it. Amateurs are advised not to attempt the compression of gases.— See also Compressed Gases.
ILLUMINANTS.— Substances and elements with power to ‘illuminate. The sources of artificial illuminants or artificial light may be described as candles, burning oil -ia lamps, coal gas, arc and incandescent electrical lamps. Hach and all of these are illuminants. Com- mencing with candles, then oil, then gas, it is found upon experiment that they depend for their lighting and heating properties upon the elements carbon and hydrogen, which by their decomposition emit light. The electric arc lamp is the light of the highest in- tensity, whilst the light, from the composition of light-giving waxes and fats, are lights of the poorest power. Many articles in this series which apply to the subject, such as electric lights, candle-power, gases, etc., etc., may be perused with interest. Dis- cussion has been going on for many years past as to the best illuminants for lantern work; the most popular has been the oxy-hydrogen, or mixed gases. The electric light is the par eacellence of illuminants, but like that of the mixed gases it does not come within the province of all lanternists. It is hoped in the near future a light for this purpose will be decided upon of the required intensity and absolutely non-dan- gerous to use.
ILLUSION.—Fallacy, deceptive in appearance, etc. It is somewhat difficult to define the term in consequence of its seeming complexity. We know what an illusion is, but cannot always grasp its truth, or more correctly speaking, its falsehood. Optical illusions and mechanical illusions sometimes agree and sometimes differ, and it is not essential in all cases to have mechanical appliances or instruments to prove that 80 optical illusion is an illusion. As an amusing ex- ample :—Place the tip of one of the forefingers on the tip of the nose, fixing the sight on the finger. Next open and shut first one eye then the other simul- taneously, and so repeat a few times, and the illusory effect of the finger moving to and fro is plainly marked. The optical lantern is splendidly adapted for demonstrating illusions, which, without its aid, would be complicated, and often impracticable. A bi-unial or triple lantern is absolutely the best opti- mechanical] illusive instrument obtainable. IMPROMPTU SPEAKING.—The faculty of speaking without preparation. To address the public off-hand, etc. To lanternists impromptu speaking is a valuable accom- plishment, and should be cultivated, for it must be borne in mind that audiences object being read to; moreover, it is a custom which often prevents the aspirant from becoming popular.
INCANDESCENT Lamp.—See Electric Lamps. IncanDEscent Licut.—Both solids and fluids that are not converted into vapour at a less elevated tempera- ture, become perceptibly luminous when heated to 800 degrees in the dark, or to about 1000 degrees in daylight. At first a glow of red light appears, which slowly turns to whiteness as the temperature increases. Combustible solids are said to be in a state of ignition when cherry red hot, and incandescent when at a white heat. The incandescent gas light introduced some time ago for illuminating, and as a light for the lantern, consists of a chemically treated gauze cone, or mantle, which is placed over the flame, and at once becomes incandescent, giving a light of great power and whiteness. These incandescent gas mantles are thus prepared :—Lengths of stockinette are soaked ina saturated solution of thorium 98 parts and cerium 2parts. The meshy material is then squeezed of the solution and cut in lengths; one end of each is then
tied witn asbestos string. They are next stretched over moulds—four or six times larger than the finished mantle—held by a wire and burnt from the top; during the burning process, they shrink to the size they take commercially, These mantles are now most delicate and fragile, and are dipped into collodion and allowed to dry; this gives them as it were a body or support, that they may be packed or transferred to the user, who in turn places them on a Bunsen burner, again lighting from the top, which burns away the skin formed by the gun-cotton solution; an incandescent light is the result.
INCOMBUSTIBLE PackING.—Substances that resist heat, or that will not burn; among their uses may be mentioned the packing for saturators, such as asbestos.
InDIA-RUBBER, OR CAoUTCHOUC.—An elastic imperme- able substance found in the sap of many tropical plants. When exposed to cold it becomes hard and rigid, but regains its elasticity by gradual warmth. Vulcanised india-rubber is rendered more elastic and less porous by the vulcanisation process. When mixed with a large proportion of sulphur, and heated up to 400 degrees, it is converted into ebonite, which becomes highly electrified by friction, hence it is considered one of the best known insulators for electrical work.
Ixpuction Corn.— An application of the principles of electric induction, for the purpose of obtaining electricity of high tension and power. Changes effected merely by proximity to an excited body are called cases of the induction of electricity, and the electricity is said to ba induced.
InERTIA.—That property or absence of it, by virtue of which matter continues in a state of rest, or uniform motion in the straight line, unless acted upon by impressed forces.
INSTALLATION, ACTOF INSTALLING.—Sce Electric Lighting.
InsTanTanEous DissoLvinc. — Although somewhat extravagant in the use of gas, the effect is most pleasing, and is easily accomplished by having a fan to swivel between the objectives of the bi-unial, so that when one lens is covered the other is open. The lights must be kept going in both lanterns; therefore, instead of a gradual fading away and coming into view of the pictures, the fan is raised or lowered as the case may be, when the picture is momentarily changed.
INSTANTANEOUS PHOTOGRAPHY.—This should be taken in a comparative sense, and understood to imply a very short exposure; so short indeed are some, that the five hundredth part of a second may be set down as no exaggeration.
INsuLATION.—The means of supporting an electrified body, or cable carrying an electric current, that the electricity be not communicated to other bodies. Any substance being a non-conductor of electricity would serve as an insulator. Amongst those most generally used, arc glass, ebonite, gutta-percha, cotton soaked in oil, shellac, earthenware, etc.
INTERMEDIATE ReGuLaTor.—See Regulators.
IopripE.—A compound of iodine with a metal or other substance.
IopistInG SoLUTIONS FoR CoLLopDION. — To iodise plain collodion for positive pictures: alcohol 2 ounces, iodide of ammonium 50 grains, bromide of ammonium 8 grains; label ‘‘ Positive Iodiser”’ ; to each drachm add plain collodion to make up an ounce. For negative work ; alcohol 2 ounces, iodide of ammonium 60 grains. Well shake up, then after standing an hour, filter and label ‘‘ Negative Iodiser’’; to each drachm add plain collodion to make up an ounce.
(To be coniinned.)
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xi.
Optical - kantern - Slides
(WET COLLODION PROCESS).
JAMES BAMFORTH STATION ROAD, HOLMFIRTH, YORKSHIRE.
Largest Producer of . . .
== Life Model Slideg — In the World.
NEW LIST, ae Season 1897-8, Now Ready. Post free to any Address,
GENERAL CATALOGUE, LIFE MODEL SETS, ETC., 162 PAGES, POST FREE, SIXPENCE.
Slides made from Customer’s Negatives by a special Wet Collodion Process. Good Slides are obtained by this process even from the weakest Film Negatives. Send Film for Sample Slide and Terms.
A NEW ROLL FILM
For making ANIMATED PHOTOGRAPHS in the CINE- MATOGRAPH, ANIMATOGRAPH, KINETOSCOPE, etc., etc.
Dr. J. H. SMITH & Co.’s
Swiss Film
(TRANSPARENT.) A new clear transoarent roll Film, beautifully coated ona specially selected and seasoned Base.
A FILM that re:uses to strip from its support. A FILM accurately cut by special machinery. 4A FILM of some substance so that it can be handled comfortably without risk of damage. A FILM that gives brilliant and clear pictures for projection. + A PERFECT FILM, NEGATIVE being more sensitive than any other, cnables the user to produce the finest results even when the light is poor. POSITIVE being wonderfully transparent and of correct senSitive- ness gives brilliant, clear pictures, with strong contrast. USE IT. You will save and make money, YOUR FIRST USE will be a convincer. Keep the quality just as
itis" is what users say, and they include the best makers of Animated Photographs.
SEND FOR PRICE List.
SOLE AGENT:
ARCHIBALD RIDER
CF Many years Secretary of the Eastman Photographic Materials Co., Limited.
83, Mortimer Street, Regent Street, London, W.
3
In answer to many inquiries, please Note Address—
“MALBROOK HOUSE” W. R. HILL & SON, 39, pote’ Ra., MAIDA VALE, OPTICAL SCENIC ARTISTS of the ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTI UTION.
Originally CHILDE & HILL, Sole Inventors of Diesolying Views. and Effects, Chromotropes, etc.
New list of subjects will be ready early in Ssptember. One or two subjects, viz., Near view of Godesburg, sun to rise on castle and extreme distance. Remagen, sun sinks. Luurley Rock in a storm, rain, lightning, and figure of Lurley fording the river to her home, effect, figure is seen to rise and fall with the water. From Tourbillon, cffect of prismatic colours on the mountain glaciers. Whitehaven lifcboat in a galc, snow, rain and lightning, leaves its position, rights itself on the waves and proceeds to sea, reappearing in the distance to the wreck, and rocket of distress; these are highly recom- mended. And the rain slide. Registered.
Speciality in Colouring up elaborate Photos, with striking sky effects.
To first-class Optical Lantern Makers, ete,
Mr. ALFRED MEAGER wishes to sell outright
the following, invented, designed and made by him, viz.:—
(1) ‘Multum in parvo” Divisible Lantern Case fitted with (or separate from) his
(2) Unique Tinting (any two colours) and Dissolving Apparatus, equally suitable for Single or Double, producing gorgeous effects.
(3) Improved Double Carrier—simplest and easiest.
The abowe practically shown to principals of firms (on appoint-
ment by letter), at Warwick Lodge, Anerley, S.E.,
L.B.& S.C. R., close to station.
Inventor o. the ‘ Primus” Cylinder Stand, and the “ Primus” Simplex Panoramic Carricr (Butcher & Son), etc.
xl. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
ca. ww. LocKE,
(13 Years Lanternist to B. J. MALDEN, Esq.) INVENTOR, PATENTEE, and MANUFACTURER of IMPROVED ELECTRIC, LIME- LIGHT, and all Kinds of High-Class Optical Lanterns, Lenses, Slides and all Accessories connected with Lantern Exhibitions,
LANTERNS and EFFECT SLIDES properly corrected for Registration.
Practical Lessons in Manipulation. Slides made for Lecturers from drawings and all sources by means of complete and perfect Apparatus.
C. W. LOCKE personally attends to operate for Public Lecturers, and can supply all Apparatus if necessary.
C. W. LOCKE'S long public experience (nearly a quarter of a century), during which time he has given upwards of 3,000 exhibitions, will be a sufficient guarantee of success. C. W. Locke has operated six times at the Royal Albert Hall, South Kensington, before the Prince or Wass, Duke or York, Duxe and Ducusss or TECK, Tue Marquis or Lorne, Lapy Henry SomERSET, and many of the Nobility; also at most of the Largest Halls in London and the Provinces.
LIMELIGHT for Tableau Vivants, Theatricals, Garden Parties, Balls, &c., &c. Locke's New Patent Mixed Jetis Now Ready. The Jet is a Marvel of Power, and was used by me at the Royal A)bert Hal] with great success, giving a 35ft. disc on a 37ft. Gin. screen (the largest ever shown there), at a distance of 167ft. from the screen, the full available distance. It is aleo the very best Jet for the Cinematograph, and is already in
‘use in many machines and giving great satisfaction. The most improved form of Generator and Jet for Acetylene Gas is now supplied ; also a very compact and highly effective Saturator, using Gasoline, producing a brilliant and steady light. LANTERN PARTS for Amateurs a Speciality. Practical advice freely given.
LOCKE for Limelight, LOCKE for Lantern Limes, LOCKE for Lanterns, LOCKE for Lantern Lenses. Bona-fide Customers may see their Instruments in course of construction from the Raw Material. Hours, 9 till 5; Saturdays, 9 till 1.
Office and Works, 244, Tottenham Court Road, W.
MOTTO.—HIGH EFFICIENCY AND NO MISREPRESENTATION
THE “INJECTOR” MIXED JET
Patent 24761/93. Price 30s. This is the only perfect Mixed Jet which can be worked with coal-gas taken direct from the town supply, and oxygen at high pressure from acylinder. It combines the full efficiency of a mixed jet with the safety, economy and convenience of a blow-through. Blow-through jets are quite superseded by it. An ordinary mixed jet which will produce any given candle-power when supplied with both gases undcr pressure will, when fitted with our Injector, give the same Power when taking its coal-gas supply from the house service-pipe. When required the jet can be worked with both gases taken from cylinders just as an ordinary mixed jet. All further partieulars from—
The MANCHESTER OXYGEN (eaten) Co., Ltd., Gt. Marlborough St., MANCHESTER.
Well known to be the Everybody says they If you cannot get them ‘Liberal
BEST CUT, A~-) are the from your dealer, send terms to » and every one / Qy /CLEANEST CUT. Is. 1d. and the dealers exact. Each mask will lie flat. SHARPEST CUT and No rough ya To be had in boxes, box will be forwarded,post shippers. edges. CYS ssorted, or of one Au . ae L/- only. PER Box. Address to Sole Proprietors,
free, white one side and black the other,or all black in any of the shapes.
perfect. Samples by post on receipt of 2d.
144 Binders in box, 1s.
WOOD BROS., 73, Lord St., LIZWERPOOL.
Gummed Numbers, White Spots, Lantern Tinters, Dead Black, White Ipk, Uranium Intensifier, Reducer, One Solution Developer, 6d. each. Anti-Halation & Backing Papers, 6d., 9d., & 1s. In and Out Changing Bag, 5s. & 6s.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
185
How Cinematographic Machines Work.
By MAGNET.
R. R. W. PAUL’S improvements in apparatus for projecting kinetoscope pictures, which form the subject matter of his patent No. 4686 of 1896, may interest the readers of this journal, as it contains many instruc-
tive points. In some of the forms of
apparatus, as film is intermittently fed
over rollers through the optical system of a
projecting lantern, the light being cut off by an
intermittently moving shutter whilst the film is in motion, Mr. Paul considers that they are imperfect in the following way, viz., they have not held the film perfectly flat and taut in advance of and in rear of the opening through which the light shines to project the picture; consequently the pictures successively projected do not accurately register with one another, and they do not lie exactly in the same plane while being projected, and further, the film is liable to curl, with the result that the effect obtained on the screen is blurred and unsteady. |.-The film c is provided with perforations along its edges as at , and before use is preferably
Fig. I.
in the perforation b of the film.- in front of the opening a the film is conducted
over a second sprocket-wheel:F, the pins ¢ of which engage in like manner with the film. The wheels © F are mounted on arbors E! F!, which turn in bearings in the frame B, and which are provided at their outer ends with specially formed gear wheels d e; the ’ teeth of these wheels d are curved at the ends f/f to corre- spond with the curvature of a disc G mounted on the main driving shaft 4, continuous rotatory motion being given by a pulleys’. The disc G is provided with teeth g, which are adapted to simultaneously engage in notches f/! in the gear wheels d and e respectively, as in Fig. II., and this turns the wheels © F through an angle corresponding to the pitch of the con- secutive pictures on the film c. When the motion is completed the wheels E F are immedi- ately locked in position by the engagement of the periphery of the disc G with the curved surfaces f at the ends of the teeth of the gear wheels g and e.
In order to ensure sufficient contact of the film with the wheel £ and Ff, guide rollers h z are provided. The speed of the spool pD is con- trolled by a brake-pad mounted on a spring. By this means the tension of the film is regu- lated and over-running of the spool prevented. Other pads press against either side of the picture arranged round the window a, and hold it in a constant position relative to the optical system of the lantern. The continuously rotating shutter Pp consists of two segments of a cylinder P' (No. 4686 of 1896).
Mr. H. W. Short obtains an intermittent motion of the film by means of a helix so
Fig. II.
Fig. III.
arranged upon a spindle that there is an interval
| between the time of contact of the two ends of ; the helix with the teeth upon a toothed wheel.
wound on a spool p supported in the frame B. | From the spool 11. the film passes over a | sprocket-wheel , the teeth c of which engage | After passing |
In Fig. IIL, d is the helix, e the toothed wheel which lies underneath the helix shaft and is almost hidden, a the rotary disc,z the strip of film, j a shutter spool controlled by a brake / (No. 3777 of 1896).
186
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Professor W. Latham, of New York, has j found that pictures of moving objects can be successfully projected only by the use of a high power, and that an electric arc is best suited | for the purpose. In order to produce the effect of continuous motion the pictures must succeed each other with great rapidity, and the duration of exposure must be so slight that the most intense light must be used in order to secure the quantity of light in the space of time permitted | to produce the demarcation between light and | shadow. The accompany ing Fig. IV. shows the general arrangement. Absolute centrality of the optical system is provided for by having all the adjustable lenses and their longitudinally
sliding parts mounted upon guiding rods, 7. The | lamp 10° slides in the tube 13 for adjustment of | the light relatively to the condensing lens 11. ° Stray light is prevented from escaping by the
bellows 14. The numerals 19, 19 indicate the . supports for the picture bearing strips and the ' shutter mechanism and are firmly fixed’ to the bench, 6. At the bottom is a spool, 37, which delivers the film to be passed in front of the exposure aperture to the spool 36 above. These spools, being driven by a band and pulley, are regulated by a friction device. By means of gearing and rollers the film is properly con- ducted and guided across the optical axis of the apparatus. The supporting frame 19, 19 is pro- vided with an opening in the line of the optical axis, and the disc or shutter, 4, is so placed that as it revolves the centre of its slot cuts the optical axis, and its rate of revolution is such that whenever the centre of a picture of a travelling film reaches the optical axis, the centre of the slot in the disc comes in the same | line. The speed imparted by the motion to the
main driving shaft is controlled by a fractional roller, 59, which is adjusted towards or away from the centre of the friction plate, thus diminishing or increasing the rate of the friction plate shaft. As a means of automatically regu- lating the revolution of the receiving wheel, 36, there is employed an idler, 47, which is prefer- ably journalled to the frame, 19, 19, and is pro- vided with a slot 48, which is adjustably fixed to the roller 49. Around this roller is passed the belt, 33, as shown. By adjusting the roller 49 inward or outward the pressure on the belt is varied. As the receiving reel gets larger by the accumulated film, the idler 47 automatically rises and loosens the belt, causing it to slip slightly on the reel pulley 32. As a means of more nicely adjusting the pressure exerted by the idler, the outer end of the latter ig screw- threaded and provided with the weight 50. The idler and the friction means applied to the top reel co-operate to give better results than either would give alone, though either of the devites may be used to the exclusion of the other (No.
4841 of 1896).
(Lo be continued.)
HY ip
Lantern Advertisements. By F. J. SCRIMGEOUR.
| S a rule, November finds the lanternist in the thick of engagements. The lantern will be, just now, in the
je Ae best of conditions; for the result
ge of the first and chief cleaning will 7534 be as yet very evident. Furniture Gy cream, brass polish, and chamois co
leather, have each bad a turn, and the dusters are away at the wash; quite time, too! Personally, I do not think one such cleaning is nearly sufficient for the winter's work : my own triple gets a good dust and polish at about fortnightly intervals. There is one part, however, which should be examined and polished before every exhibition, and that is the condensing system. Of course the lens
_ should be looked to also, but it is not so
important in this respect; dust on the glass of the lens only causes decrease of light, while each grain of dust on the surface of the
_ condenser is shown distinctly on the white
screen.
Another thing that must also be borne in mind before each entertainment is the advertise- ment. This is almost as important as a clean condenser, perhaps more so! For unless there
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xiii.
Films! Machines!
LARGEST STOCK IN ENGLAND.
CREOY SAORE
<>,
A{eo films.
THE JUBILEE GARDEN PARTY AT
BUCKINGHAM PALACE - 100 ENGLISH SUBJECTS, 30/- EACH JUBILEE FILMS- GRAECO-TURKISH WAR FILMS PASSION PLAY - CARNIVAL AT PARIS NIGHTMARE - HAUNTED CASTLE, ETC. -
Lists on application.
LATEST FILM ‘Death of Nelson,” Dramatic Representation.
Entertainments Supplied.
PHILIPP WOLFE
9 & 10, Southampton Street, High Holborn, W.C.
BERLIN: 5, Jerusalemer Street. PARIS: 32, Rue le Peletier.
xiv. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
e+ YORK’S..
OPTICAL LANTERN SLIDES.
THE NEW SETS FOR THIS SEASON ARE:—The Record Reign of Queen Victoria— A Trip to Paris—Old and New Friends at the Zoo—Rambles about London— The Counties of England—Corsica—An Hour with some Popular Poets—Hong Kong — Temperance Entertainment — Fungi The Growth of the Queen’s Dominions—The Jubilee Procession—Little Em’ly—Bloomsbury Christening—and several Moral Tales, illustrated by Life Models.
CATALOGUES OF THE ABOVE ON APPLICATION—
YORK 3 SON, 67, Lancaster Road,
“oN NOTTING HILL, LONDON, W. xo
PAUL'S FIRE-PROOF ANIMATOGRAPHE.
The only English Animated Photograph Machine with an ESTABLISHED REPUTATION,
RECORD .— Exhibited continuously for a year at the Alhambra, London, and in all important provincial towns. £12,000 worth of Machines and Films sold, with universal satisfaction. See Press Notices and Testimonials, on application. Two years’ unprovements in construction.
20 Films can be run at one
, PRICES :— setting: : .
No wear. Yatent continuous Mechanism complete, with feed. lens of any focus for lan- Simple, quick and accurate adjust- tern attachment -- £10
ments.
Complete on folding tripod, with lantern, arc lamp, or jetasshown .. . &15
Durable as an engine. Accurate as a chronometer.
No flickering nor unsteadiness. Lenses interchangeable in a
Adapted for use as a camera at a
second. small charge. Utmost portability and conveni- ence. Cannot cause fire ! : 100 Films, the finest taken, from Contains every improvement ih N all parts of the world (includ- possible, \ ing Jubilee) at 30s, each.
R. W. PAUL, 44, Hatton Garden, LONDON. E.C.
Factories—114-15, Great Saffron Hill, and 36, Leather Lane, London, E.C.
Telegrams. -" CALIBRATE,” CONTRACTOR TO WaR OFFICE aND ADMIRALTY.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. Xv.
New Special High Power EJECTOR JET
(PATENT).
Each Jet will be adjusted and carefully tested by Mr. W. J. COLES, A.M.I.C.E., and a Certificate of Test, giving the candle-power, will be sent with each.
PRICE £2 2s.
The above can be used as a Blow-Thro’ Jet or asa Mixed Gas Jet at will, without any alteration. Used in either way it gives more light than any other Jets made. It is specially recommended for Cinemato graphs.
Below ts a copy of the report by Mr. W.J. COLES, A.M.LC.E. REPORT ON TESTS WITH THE NEW SPECIAL HIGH POWER EJECTOR JET. .
Having made thorough tests of the capabilities of this Jet under various conditions, I find as a mean of the result of several experiments— That when using the coal gas direct from the house maina light equal to 646 candle-power was obtained with best hard limes of ordinary size. Without any alteration to the Jet, but having the hydrogen under pressure (1-Ib. per square inch is sufficient) and using a lime not less than 1}-in. diameter, a light equal to 1150 candle-p ower was obtained. By a slight movement of the adjusting screw and an increase of pressure of oxygen (3-Ibs. per square inch) a light of from 1800 to 2000 candle-power was obtained, but the lime will not withstand thc heat at this power for more than a short time. The mixture of the two gases under all the above various conditions is perfect.
August 6th, 1897. - W. J. COLES, A.M:1.C.E,
SPECIAL ‘“HARDAZION” LIMES, tin. in diameter, for above High Power Ejector Jet, in air-tight tins, containing 6 Limes, price 8s, 6d. per Tin of 6.
exis) Patent Russian Iron Lanterns, No. 2459. ‘Patent Lanterns,
(3s cx@rms * > Patent Paraffin Oil L 125 Standard : @r=) “Stocks atent Paraffin (Oi amps o andar 12 descriptions. G=(@)=«) Celebrated “Ejector” and other a sista 8 chee nS, meee § = There is only one make of ~“@J FE Optical Lanterns « Apparatus 3 that can always be relied upon, and that make is
{TRADE <i
Patent Lanterns of all
. HAS STOOD THE TEST OF OvEeR 8O YEARS.
Bi-unial and Tr
‘OPPS ‘ON .,\A0SOydsoWeZOW,, OL
3 xan)
rc Hardazion " ‘Limes, etc.
2 sess ae ereeeene |
-) = : . é i
S «
8 [5 | poreinsie9 SG] “smeswady wan oun pevewgoreg C.| 2 () | = | ‘esoureg ydesSozewoulg juo}ed "10199f01d ydesgoyewaury @ | quozeg Kosa ea 'OS8ZL ‘ON .,(edoosond4al,, oYyL ‘SusejUe] jUeIeg °
Xvi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
30s.
SAFETY GAUGE, 42s. | Professor MALDEN says of DUPLEX. — “ABSOLUTELY SAFE.” .
Oxygen from Chlorate of Potash. Cylinders filled while waiting. Cylinders—All sizes in stock. | for complicated effects find them work Cylinder Fittings, all kinds. as smoothly as gas-bags.”
Manufacturers—A. CLARKSON & Co.,
28, BARTLETT’S BUILDINGS, HOLBORN CIRCUS, LONDON, E.C.
“Have tried several Regulators, I consider yours decidedly the best, and
SPECIAL OFFER. —_———
HARVARD’S IMPROVED Cinematoscope METALLIC BELLOWS REGULATOR
(Protected).
(BRIER’S PATENT)
CHEAPEST, MOST RELIABLE
NO FLICKER, NOISELESS, PORTABLE, DOES NOT DESTROY FILMS.
One of the FIRST in the Market and not yet surpassed,
‘tn le FILMS 42). can, | THE SCOTCH & IRISH OXYGEN CO., LTD. ig : -ea . " ROSEHILL WORKS, POLMADIE, GLASGOW.
F. HARVARD.
28, Reedworth St., Kennington Rd., London, S.E.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
187
is a good audience, even polished glass and clean linen won’t make a successful show. There are few things connected with lanternism which give such a latitude in choice as the advertisement; of lenses and of lanterns there are many types, but in the choice of the form which the advertisement is to take, there is room for even more individual taste. And then the advertisement lends itself far easier to variety than any other detail—it entirely differs from any section of our apparatus; for while, ina
notice, some variety is in certain cases advisable, |
continual change in regulators and such appli- ances deserves to be heartily condemned. There are various ways of bringing a lantern lecture or exhibition before the notice of the public ; each specially applicable to circumstances de- pending upon the nature of the meeting, the vicinity, the hall or church, and the class of audience. tation of ‘‘ drawing” under false pretences, the
notice or advertisement must be carefully
tempered to the nature of the meeting.
The lecture should be announced as a lecture ; the exhibition as an exhibition. know of instances where the pulpit intimation has emphasised the fact that the
special meeting
in the coming week would ‘consist simply of an exhibition of pretty views, without any attempt at elaborate description,” and then each slide
has been but aconvenient peg on which to hang / a ten minutes’ edification. Both you and I have |
seen disgusted adults endeavouring to keep
themselves awake by censuring Tommy for |
making ‘‘ horses” of his feet, and clutching at Jenny whenever a ‘‘dose” tended towards a fall forwards against the bookboard. Whether the minister, or whoever it is, errs most when he is giving intimation, or when he is describing the views, it is difficult to say. On the next occasion he should take care that the promise and the realisation have a fair resemblance; this may be done by altering either the one or the other. Mistakes such as the above are causing the lantern to lose some of its popularity in certain districts. And no wonder !
If tea does not possess its advertised qualities, does it increase in popular favour? The people expect what is announced. If they don’t get that, if they have been continually disappointed, their confidence in pulpit and newspaper an- nouncements is shaken, and lanternism in the district gets a shock from which it may take long to recover. There are towns where the effect of years of broken promises is that now the optical lantern has fallen into disrepute and
Unless you desire to gain the repu- |
Both you and I |
is by this time anything but an attraction. This is a pity; but can it be wondered at? On the other hand, the reputation of giving the public what they came for is a standing advertisement ' which will assure an audience on the smallest notice. I know a hall where a newspaper or bill advertisement is absolutely unnecessary, and a mere mention at one of the weekly meet- ings will fill every seat. The people in the district round that hall have every reason for their confidence ; they know that they will see or hear exactly what they have been led to ' believe they will see or hear. And so I think it is clear that a lecture should be advertised as ' @ lecture. The wording is important. In a series of lectures—monthly lectures, etc.—the main portion of the notice should remain the | same throughout the session. Something like the following is sufficient, and has a ‘“‘ concrete’ look and sincere air, which is most advisable to gain the sort of audience desired :—
Haxtu Monrauy Lecrurss.
THE FOURTH LECTURE OF THE SERIES WILL BE DELIVERED ON WEDNESDAY, THE 6TH OF DECEMBER, At 8 p.m, By JOHN JONES, sq. Subject “A Whaling Voyage.”’ j DESCRIPTIVE VIEWS BY LIMELIGHT. Mr. J. Robertson.
Lanternist... Admission_.
There are a few points to be noted regarding the above model. Variety in the heading is not ' desirable. In a single winter's series much the same audience is to he expected, and a familiar headline will at once catch the eye and com- mand attention. There are secretaries who | seem to glory in having throughout the session ' no two headings alike—‘‘ A Whaling Voyage,” ‘‘John Jones, Esq., will lecture,” ‘‘ Limelight Views,” ‘To-morrow night.” With headings such as these originality may be gained, but such variety should be kept for more opportune occasions. | Secondly: Give the year—1897—if you so i desire, or think it needful. The printer, on one occasion last winter, advertised my entertain- ' ment for an evening in the year 1997, Anno Domini! Will my unavoidable absence from the country require a letter of apology ? °
. 188
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger,
Thirdly : I give the time as ‘8 p.m.” There are gentlemen who prefer ‘8 o’clock prompt.” In some cases this is justifiable, often necessary, by the memory of former meetings. That this should be so is unfortunate, and it would be good for all if, in the future, promptness was made so certain that a public notice to that effect would not be required. Oh, the delicate, subtle insinuation possible to be gathered from “8 o’clock prompt”!
Fourthly: I have mentioned the lanternist by name. This is very seldom done in any part—town or country—but I think such mention is but right. For the operator has his respunsi- bilities, and, moreover, hard work, which surely deserve public recognition; but, besides, is it not possible that the expected audience may have some interest in knowing who is to have charge of what is popularly, and rightly, con- sidered the most dangerous part of the evening’s meeting? I know, as a fact, some districts where the choice of lanternist has a distinct effect upon the size of the audience. There is nothing to wonder at in this. Operators who invariably make their duty a complete success are by no means common. Therefore, if a man has been secured whom the public know by reputation to be thoroughly up to his work, the fact should be included in the press notice. Posters advertising lectures should also be characterised by plainness and_ simplicity. Keep your exclamation marks for exhibitions and entertainments; commas and full stops are enough for the other notices. It might call forth sarcastic remarks to urge the people ‘‘Come in your thousands!’ when Professor Oldun is to tell all he knows of the “ Egyptian Papyri of the 18th Dynasty.”
(To be continued.)
ES T=
The Finishing of Photographic ,
Enlargements. By EDGAR CLIFTON.
(eos has been written upon the
finishing by more or less elaborate
4 a hand-work of enlarged photo- (Cfa=—=) graphs, and what literature does Seu) exist upon the subject consists EX ~ mainly of instruction in drawing, \“/ usually with special reference to the € head and bust vignettes, which are the
sheet anchor of the professional portraitist. The amateur with fair artistic taste, but with liftle or no knowledge of the technics of draughtsmanship, seeks in vain for some
elementary instruction in the art of improving his already nearly perfect enlargements, and removing defects which were not obtrusive in the original negative, but which become pain- fully apparent in the enlarged copy, and it will be the endeavour of the writer to show how the maximum of effect may be produced with the minimum of trouble and skill.
Bromide prints lend themselves so perfectly to finishing by almost any method, that it is fortunate that the production of the plain enlargement is so simple, and that the results are, comparatively speaking, permanent. Oil or water colours, or chalk, may be used alone or in conjunction with each other, according to the work which has to be done, and to the personal preference of the worker. As there seems to be a general idea that chalk or crayon is the easiest medium for a beginner to adopt, we will start with the idea that a bromide enlargement of an
ordinary character
has been properly mounted upon a stout cardboard, and that none of the starch or other mounting medium has been allowed to remain upon the surface.
The materials required are few and inexpen- sive. A stick of ‘‘ stumping sauce” (a very soft black crayon, usually sold in a glass tube), two or three black conté crayons of various degrees of hardness, a white crayon, a chalk pencil, of medium hardness, in cedar, a couple of leather stumps (one fairly large and one smaller), a bundle of small paper stumps, and a bit of wash-leather glued upon apiece of wood or card to serve as a palette for the stumping
: sauce, complete the outfit; the cost of which
| is only about half-a-crown. A couple of crayon
holders may also be added for a few pence extra, and will be found convenient. We shall also require two pieces of very fine wash- leather ; one of these is to be glued upon a flat piece of wood or stout card to form a palette, and the other will be used to spread large tints.
| The lid of a small cardboard plate box, 4-plate
or lantern size, may be requisitioned to serve as a receptacle for the stumping chalk actually in use.
Now to begin, the end of the stick of stumping chalk should be rubbed upon the inside of the box lid until a sufficient quantity has been reduced to powder. If any lumps crumble off the stick they should be carefully powdered, or their presence would give much trouble later on. A little chalk must also be rubbed upon one ccrner of the leather palette, and from this corner by means of another bit of
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xvii.
DX YGEN
Report of Analyst, 96°5°%.; Nitrogen 3°S°%. STEEL CYLINDERS, Coat Gas AND AccESSORIES.
PARKINSON'S CONDENSED GAS 60.,
wnat ese" STRETFORD, MANCHESTER. «.giisieig som
OxtoE, STRETFORD."
THE COMPLETE VOLUME OF THE The “Perfect” Patent Acetylene Gas Burner,
NO SMOKE. NO CLOGGING. A WHITER FLAME.
Practical Photographer REGULATES ITSELF. SAVES 30°, GAS.
The unsuitability of ordinary burners for Acetylene Gas is generally
recognised, Unless the gas be turned full on, or exceedingly low, IS NOW READY, they smoke. They are also liable to get clogged, and arc aflected by slight variations of pressure.
Cloth Bound, over 300 Illustrations, price 6s. The “ Perfect” overcomes all these disadvantages; produces a much whiter flame, and, in addition, gives 30°/9 more illumina-
Or ALL DEALERS AND BooKsSELLrRs. tion for the same quantity of gas burnt
The “Perfect”? is made in four sizes:— ste No. 1, burning about } ft. per hour | No.3, burning about 3 ft. per hour eS -- [= 190 2 ” » @ ” ” » 4 ” wy iT ogy ” LONDON: Price 3s. each, net cash.
PERCY LUND, HUMPHRIES & CO., LTD., CHARLES E. TALBOT, AMEN CORNER, LONDON, E.C. Tceiame sclseet™" 19, Castle Street, LIVERPOOL.
Telephone No. 6368,
The STEDMAN-BROWN
Automatic Oxygen Generator
Will make pure Oxygen in five minutes and maintain a constant supply for one-and-half to two-and-half hours without recharging or attention, and if necessary can be recharged again in two minutes to run fora similar time, making five hours supply for two charges.
An ideal outfit for the Colonies and travelling lecturers, and complete oxygen installation in itself. No regulators or other extras required.
= = F.B. High Power Jet, For Cinematographs, etc.
Complete with Tray, £1 15s. Od.
The only Jet properly supported, so that it is free from vibration. 1,500 to 2,000 candle-power without hissing. Animated pictures are steadier when the
£6 Os. Od. £3 Os. Od, F. B. Jet is used.
The Gridiron Saturator ia the very best Saturator on the Market. Used allover the World. Sold everywhere. Detailed List of the above Specialities and other Jets, drc., for Lanternists, free.
F B R OW N Manufacturer of Limelight Apparatus, Cinematographs, &c., &., . J 13, Gate St., Holborn, LONDON, W.C.
Xvili.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
ARTISTIC AND BEAUTIFUL
Pantern Slides
ARE PUBLISHED BY
GRAYSTONE BIRD,
_ PHOTOGRAPHER, BATH. New Series for 1897-8.
STUDIES of CHILDREN IN FANCY COSTUME.
LISTS FREE. TRADE SUPPLIED.
MORLEY & COOPER, 70, UPPER STREET, LONDON, N. LANTERNS,SLIDES ana art ACCESSORIES. LEGTURER’S LANTERNS From 18/6 A large stock of New and Second-hand Cameras, Lenses,
and Photographie Sundries on Sale or Exchange. ESTABLISHED 1843.
Dissolving View Magic Lanterns aud Slides
Photographic Apparatus, Scientific Instruments and every description of miscellaneous property. R. J.C. STEVENS begs to announce that he holds Sales of the above, every Friday, at half-past twelve precisely, at his great Rooms, 88, King Street, Covent Garden, London. Gentlemen wishing to include property in these Sales are requested to send particulars one week prior to sale.
METALLIC BELLOWS REGULATOR
(BRIER’S PATENT)
Price
THE SCOTCH & IRISH OXYGEN CO., LTD., ROSEHILL WORKS, POLMADIE, GLASGOW.
Note the Price.
- ESTABLISHED 1886.
Note the Price,
FREDERICK J. STEDMAN'S LANTERN SIDES
Have been favourably commented on in all parts: of the World.
All Slides are made by the COLLODION PROCESS, ensuring the Pluck and Brilliancy so much admired, _ and so necessary in a good slide.
Slides prepared from Customers’ Negatives at Gs. per doz. From Prints, Photos, etc., k 2s. per doz. A TRIAL WILL SUFFICE IN ORDER TO APPRECIATE THEIR EXCELLENCE.
FREDERICK J.
(Late of Soper & Stedman, 147, Strand, W.C.)
For the CINEMATOGRAPHE. For the ORDINARY LANTERN. For SEARCH LIGHTS.
STEDMAN Lanterm Slide Maker and Colourist, ?
103, Albert Road, Battersea Park, LONDON, S.W. For the LANTERN MICROSCOPR.
For OPTICAL PROJECTION. For EXPHRIMENTAL USE.
For THEATRE BOXES.
THE SIMPSON ARC
Is THE BEST. Price - £2 Ds.
LAMP
Particulars and Samples from the MAKERS :—
SIMPSON BROS., Electrical Engineers, HAPTON, near BURNLEY
Telegrams—‘‘SIMPSON, HAPTON.”
ANIMATED PHOTOGRAPHS.
The Cinematograph Sinz.
All the latest Pictures, including Diamond Jubilee Procession, Graco-Turkish War, etc. Exhibitions given in any part of the country. Terms Moderate.
W. L. REED, Optical Lantern Outfitter, 7, WESTMORLAND ROAD, NEWCASTLE - ON - TYNE.
SANDS, HUNTER & Co, Photographic Apparatus and Lanterns,
NEW AND SECOND HAND, BY ALL THE BEST MAKERS.
Lanterns and Operator let out for evening enter- tainments for children, &c. Terms Moderate.
20, Oranbourne St., Leicester Square, London, W.C.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
189
leather, or even rag, it should be graduated over the surface of the palette until the further corner has a mere tint of grey upon it.
The enlargement being placed upon an easel or other suitable support should now receive a first general tint, which is applied by means of the soft piece of wash-leather already mentioned. This should be spread over the first two fingers of the right hand and dipped in the powdered crayon in the box lid; it must next be rubbed upon a piece of waste paper to equalise it and to ascertain the depth of tint, which must be very slight ; when this is correct, the tint must be applied to the enlargement by gently rubbing the leather with a circular motion, replenishing with chalk from time to time as may be necessary. It is advisable to commence this process upon the darker parts of the picture, and to cover the face when the leather has parted with nearly all its chalk. It may here be stated that the object of this tint is not only to give softness of effect, but also to ensure that no part of the original remains uncovered, as it is exceedingly im- probable that the tone of the enlargement will exactly match the chalk, and any untouched parts would be either warmer or colder in tint.
If this rubbing-in process be skilfully per- formed, a good deal of strength may be worked into the clothes and hair of a figure or into the shadows of a view, before the stumps or crayons are called into use, but the novice had best be content with attempting little in this direction, trusting more to the larger stumps which he will now bring into action.
(To be continued.)
Keevil’s Lantern. By A BIDEFORDIAN.
think must be the form of lantern “oS alluded to by Mr. J. J. S. Bird in “/ the December number for 1896. The os” details are mostly as published by the 2 makers (F. York and Son) about twenty years ago. :
‘This unique invention produces the effects of dissolving views with one light and one lantern ;
it is fitted with 4-inch condensers, the front |
lens (A) is the ordinary double combination, and the side (B) a prismatic lens of the same focus and brilliancy, which directs the rays at right
angles coinciding with the front. Dissolving
_ and other effects are produced (c) with the
greatest ease and certainty, the light being of the same brilliancy. It may be used as a
' single lantern by removing the side condenser
' blow-through
Fig, II.
REFERENCE Fics. 1 anp 2:
A—Double achromatic combination for direct light. B—Prismatic lens combination to cover the same circle. C—Dissolvers.
The jet is the consuming 2 feet of Its great recommendations
and dissolving arrangement. form, oxygen an hour,
are easy manipulation, cheapness, and economy
of an old pattern of dissolving view | lantern with one illuminant only, I |
of space, the whole packing into a box 14 by 12 and 8 inches deep, being the most portable bi-unial ever made. This lantern fits into one of Young’s generators, which re- quires no stand, gas-bag, pressure board, retort, or purifier ; forming a convenient package about the size of an ordinary portmanteau. The only additional things re- quired for a lecturer’s com- plete outfit are a screen, limes, india-rubber tubing, and the pictures, which re- quire no frames.”
With regard to the gasometer, the oxygen gas is made by inserting a tin or cake containing
Fig. III.
| oxygen mixture into the generator (a), which is
190
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
heated by a Bunsen burner (8), producing a | foot of gas in about five minutes; 14 pounds weight is placed on the gasometer, which with the water produces a pressure equal to 112 pounds on the usual gas-bag. Fig. 3 shows the Keevil lantern and gas apparatus, which can be managed by one person. The size of the gasometer when packed and containing the lantern, slides, tubing, generator, receiver, limes, oxygen mixture, etc., etc., is 14 by 10 by 23 inches, and weighs about 30 pounds.
sites —QQ@o< is
The Composition, Temperature, and Brilliancy of Flames.
From L’ALCOOL ET LE SUCRE.
FLAME is produced by a gas in a state of combustion, and it may be more or less hot, and more or less luminous, according to the nature
VJ\\Q of the gas by which it is engendered. ied} It has a particular colour, which gi‘ depends upon the species of the
BE ignited substances, or of those pro- |
jected into its interior during combus- | tion. When produced by a compound substance itis not homogeneous, and becomes the seat of very complex chemical phenomena; some parts are bluish, others yellowish white, and some- times yellow, greenish, greyish, or cloudy.
Transitory reactions then take place before the final evolution of carbonic acid and water steam.
Thus, in the case of hydrocarbides, highly car-
buretted compounds are formed, like acetylene, free carbon, hydrogen, water steam, oxide of carbon, carbonic acid from the commencement of combustion, which, besides, is more or less complete.
Hydrogen gas—very combustible—burns first, and the liberated carbon is then brought to incandescence by the heat evolved in formation of water. It is the presence of carbon which gives
brilliancy to the flame—
brilliancy which can be farther increased by the introduction of solid substances, such as oxide of zinc, magnesium, and some rare
metals, which in the state of incandescence are |
very brilliant. A similar phenomenon can be obtained with a platinum wire, bits of asbestos, quicklime, etc. Finally, increase of tempera- ture by aid of hot gases or heating the
aspired air are also means to increase the brilliancy of flames.
Frankland admits that incandescent carbon is not indispensable for brilliancy. He bases his opinion on the fact that pure hydrogen burns brightly in oxygen under a pressure of ten atmos- pheres, producing a continuous spectrum. He also observed that the flame of alcohol under pressure is not only luminous, but also fuliginous. However, the deposit of smoke-black on an object placed in the flame of carburetted substances, and also the sudden brilliancy of the alcohol flame into which one introduces a sub- stance capable of causing a deposit of carbon, like chlorine, demonstrate without doubt that lighting is due to the presence of carbon.
It has been explained that pressure in the
| case of hydrogen probably causes a decrease in
the volume of flame, and raises the temperature so as to cause luminosity. But for alcohol this explanation is not plausible, and some other cause for the phenomenon must be found. In the mercury eudiometer the two gases, hydrogen and oxygen, mixed in the proportion of 2 vols. of the first and 1 of the second, give 2 vols. of water steam in ordinary atmospheric conditions after passage of the electric spark. It may be admitted that the same volumes
under pressure
of 10 atmospheres will cause the same chemical reaction,. but with less sharp combustion, for the water steain formed, although occupying as it is gradually produced a volume one-third less than the total volume of the gases which have engen- dered it, is none the less at a high pressure which forces the steam to remain in a vesicular state of composition and decomposition in the midst of the flame as long as combustion lasts ; the phenomenon then occurs as though a solid substance, water steam or oxide of a very volatile metal, were raised to incandescence in a hydro- gen flame.
In the case of alcohol a similar phenomenon should be produced with the water steam formed, and also the carbonic acid under pressure according as formed, tends to decrease the combustive activity of the oxygen or hydrogen, so that the latter does not, in slow combustion with loss of exterior heat, supply sufficient heat to bring all the free carbon to the point of incandescence, thus the flame is dusky. It is also probable that oxide of carbon is formed with the carbonic acid, either on account of incomplete combustion, or of transformation of the latter into oxide of carbon on contact with
i the carbon at red heat. This oxide at a high
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
xix.
WOOD'S “SPECIAL JET”
Is the best Blow-through on the Market, absolutely safe, brilliant light, equal to mixed jet and hard lime; gas at ordinary pressure
from the main can be used.
Read the following report (Optical Magie Lantern Journal, November, 1894) on the Candle-power of various Jets, by Mr. W.
J. Coles, A.M.1.C.E.:—
Ordinary blow-through Jet, soft lime .. 260 cand]le-power. Wood’s special blow-through Jet - 475 ,, 7
Ordinary mixed Jet, hard lime.. -. 475) = ,
, ” Price of Jet, best workmanship and finish, £1 11s. 6d.
Spectacle and Photographic Price Lists Post Free.
Send for Wood's Catalogue of Lanterns and Slides on Sale or Hire, post free, three stamps.
E. G. WOOD, 74, Cheapside, LONDON.
Maker of ‘High-Class Optical Lanterns.
R.
R. BEARD,
BEARD'S REGULATORS are the most perfect Regulators for producing the Best Light with Compressed Gas.— Price 30s.
@ BEARD’S PRESSURE GAUGE, fitted with Schaffer's & Budenberg's Patent Spring Back and Steel Tube, 30s,
BEARD’S NEW JET.
Maker of the Perfect Cinematograph. Fitted to any Lantern. Can be seen Working. Films Supplied.
10, Trafalgar Rd., Old Kent Rd., S.E.
(Five Doors South of Lord Nelson.)
HAWKMOTH
Superb DIORAMIC EXHIBIIIONS.
Optical Projection Undertaken, TSC,
Write for Lists, etc., FINEST APPARATUS,
ALFRED MEAGER,
WARWICK LODGE, ANERLEY, SE. rr
Wanted every dealer to send for a copy of my price list;
the largest selections in the Trade of Bamboo Screen
Stands, Screens, Reading Lamps, Ever-ready Slide Boxes, Reading Desks, Lime Holders, Brass Fittings, etc.
ENCLOSE TRADE CARD. JAMES CHRISTIE, 129, WEST STREET, SHEFFIELD.
| FILMS In strips | PREMIER FOR i CAMERAS. | 4: /DRY PLATES. —_ | Ginematograph Pictures, No. O.—Cyclist .. 25)- WitH OR witHouT Prrroratioy. || ORDINARY, No. 1.—Lantern Size 32/- i Any Width Cut up to 20 inches. aoc RAPID No. 2.—Quarter-Plate .. 42/- Any Length eso 150 feet without : PHOTO-MECHANICAL, , : as, Erc., ETCc., Send for Book, post free, all about the || DuRABLE, AccURATELY Cut, AND AND HawkmotH CAMERAS. i Low Nn Price. ! Premier Cut Sheet Films.
Sole
wonujtirers- THB BUROPEAN BLAIR CAMERA GO., Ltd.,° SSUaHAMETONL STREET,
Special City Agents—Messrs. BENETFINK & CO., 107, Cheapside, E.C.
UDLASS'
Pneumatic Lantern Slide DISSOLVING CARRIER
Is again much improved, and is now practically noiseless.
Fits any lantern without alteration,
Price 17/6.
Automatic Centering Carrier, Centres any size slide, a perfect luxury after using the old style.
21/-.
BOLE MAKER—
Special terms to-dealers.
F.W. HUDLASS, PHENIX WORKS, SOUTHPORT.
Xx, The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
THE “PERFECTION” CGINEMATOGRAPHS,
ef MANUFACTURED UNDER WRAY S PATENTS, 182-95, 112738-97, 18056-97 Mas Special Features. PRICE.
a — SSS
No. I.—In Brass “Case {as shown), with 3 in. Objective,
His.
No. 2.—In Walnut Case, with 3 in. Objective,
#S 10s.
It is the only Machine on the Market that will take Films of both Jedison Standard Perfora- tion, or Lumiere's 2-Hole.
No drag or tear on the Film.
Can be used with ease by one operator.
Picture masked instantly.
No. 1 Type.—Titted to Lantern Body of Russian Iron, with 4in. Condenser and Laseboard,
#17 10s.
No. 2 Type —Fitted to Russian Tron Body, &1O 10s.
MIXED JETS, of 1,500 candle- power, from 30s.
SPECIAL “B & W" HAND- FEED ARC LAMP, 25s.
You can fit it yourself to your own lantern in a few minutes.
Combined Film Winder.
Practically noiseless in action
Constructed on an absolutely novel principle
Film can be released in a moment at any time of working.
AAMAASAAADAAAALEEDE ED Dee eee
aww
Phe§Bh&1O”’ Ginematograpa Gamera.
ANYONE CAN USE IT, NO BELTS TO BREAK. FOCUS DIRECT ON TO FILM, ii x * K x x —
TTT 7 |
=!
Ci PRICE complete, with two Changing VIN i, Boxes, £35; or as shown, & 12.
SS
il BA
YS y
Complete Outfit, consisting of Camera, Lantern, and Apparatus for projecting and th printing Positives, supplied from £35.
log
xt e H i SEND FOR LATEST LISTS. li. LIBERAL TRADE TERMS,
7 — zo ore ren AA ka rr oot a
Coe AS. ——
& WRAY,
Borough Mills, Manchester Road, BRADFORD, ENGLAND.
Telegrams—*« PROJECTOR, BRADFORD,”
u " be ad
Telephone No. 944.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger,
temperature is in turn decomposed, giving car- bon and carbonic acid.
However it may be with these explanations, the main point is to obtain a maximum -lumin- osity with any combustible substance in the con- ditions of temperature and atmospheric pressure. For this it should have a chemical composition capable of giving complete com- bustion in the air. Once this point attained by the direct or indirect methods about to be given for various combustibles, it will be wise to have recourse to the physico- mechanical agents generally employed to increase brilliancy of flames, viz.,—forced draught, heating of the air, incandescent burners, regenerative, etc. Many lamps actually recommended for combustion of alcohol are furnished with a small
incandescent mantle
similar to that of the Auer burner, which has been so successful in gas-lighting. This mantle, formed of certain oxides of rare metals, becomes exceedingly luminous at a _ high temperature.
The best type of alcohol lamp should then not Only have an incandescent burner which gives a saving of 25 per cent. compared with gas, but should also utilise the heat of combustion to heat the air supplied as with incandescent and regenerative burners of the Denayrouze type, which only consume about half a cubic foot of gas per hour, whereas the old burner consumes 4% feet, and the Auer burner a little over 1 foot.
The real heating power of a combustible substance is. the quantity of heat it can evolve in complete combustion of its elements. In the case of hydrocarbides it is the sum of the quantities of heat from the transformation of all the atoms of hydrogen and carbon under the influence of oxygen into water steam and car- bonic acid. In the case of certain substances the calorific power does not always manifest itself entirely in ordinary conditions of tempera- ture and atmospheric pressure, and it is requisite to heighten, so to speak, the combination of oxygen by special methods in order to obtain complete combustion of hydrogen and carbon. The nature of the elements of combustion has then great influence on the heat evolved by the substance, and consequently on its calorific power; likewise the relative proportions of hydrogen and carbon exert an action deter- minant of the complete combustion in the air without any other aid.
The real lighting power of a substance is the quantity of luminous heat which it can emit in complete combustion, and is the consequence of the manifestation of chémical energy or real
191
calorific power in sharp combustion. As for this last, in ordinary air it is sometimes requisite to have recourse to forced combustion in order to obtain its full power.
The chemical composition, both from the point of view of nature and proportion of com- bustible elements, exerts then a prepondering influence on the amount of luminous heat supplied by the substance in ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure. Hydrogen, an eminently combustible gas, is a substance which evolves much heat in burning, but the flame in ordinary air is very pale. According to the experiments of Favre and Silbermann, 1 gramme of hydrogen gives in combustion in oxygen 34°462 C., but by virtue of the reaction
H’+0=H’0 34:462 x 2=68:924 C.,
we have 2 grammes of hydrogen, which com- bining with 16 grains of oxygen produce 19 grains of water with a temperature of 68:924 C.
The same experimenters also determined the heat evolved by different simple and compound substances, many of which are mentioned in the following table. Berthelot, by scientific methods, fixed approximately the combustive heat of gaseous carbon at 96°5 C., a figure markedly like 96:6, which is that for charcoal, and 96:924, sum of the quantities of heat evolved for transformation ; firstly of carbon into oxide of carbon, then of this last into car- bonic acid.
Heat evolved. a
Product Per weight Substance at ordinary brought to Ler represented by temperature. ordinary gramme of formula temperature. substance. H=1 gramme, FAP adveataiscaieuiiarer soe savant HO .. 34-4620 68:924C C. Charcos] ........4. CO? .. 8-08.. 96:96 Spabreeige: Sage ieaie eo eda Co? 2°403 62'284 ' Cit shane oicueses CO ....247.. 29°64 | 96-024 Reduction into carbonic anhydride and water. Marsh Gas............ Clit .. 13°063 209-00S Ethylene ............ C?2H! .. 11:858 332-024 Amylene ............ CH. . 11491 804:°37 Hither: si aiasiesccees cs C+H0 .. 9-028 668-072 Wood spirit ........ CH!O 5307 169-824 Ethyl alcohol ...... C?H°O .. 7184 330°464 Amyl alcohol........ CHO .. 8-959 788-392 Acetone .........06e C#H°O .. 7303 394°362
Marsh gas, according to the chemical formule and the atomic weights of its elements should evolve
C= 96:5 H* = 187-844 234°344 C
The same calculation applied to a number of other compounds gives figures which seem of a
192
like class, but also differ greatly from experi- ment.
Experiment Ethylene ...... C?H!: 193 +137:844 = 330-844. .332 024 Amylene ...... C5H!0 : 482-54 344-62 =827:12 ..804:37 Ether ...... C4H1°0 : 386 +344-62 =730°62 ..668:072 Wood spirit .. CH4O : 96°5 +137-844 =234-344..169°824 Ethyl alcohol C?H®O : 193 +206:772=399-772. .330 464 Amyl alcohol C5H!0 : 482:5+413°544 = 906:044..788:392 Acetone ...... CSHO ; 289°5 + 206-772 = 496-272. .394-362
These differences are due to the fact that the real combustive heat of carbon is not known. —L’Alcool et le Sucre.
aaa ane
Are Ether Saturators Dangerous ?
By THOMAS J. SMITH.
; OT infrequently it happens that when ) some new machinery or apparatus is working its way into favour, an accident occurs, driving away the would-be users like a flock of frightened sheep. There may not have been a defect in the mechanism, 0 the cause may have been solely careless- ness or ignorance on the. part of the person in charge ; but, for a time, neither statements of facts nor arguments based on mechanics or chemistry, however simply put, will remove the almost blind distrust, nor allay the fears of the public.
Such may easily be the case this winter, after the terrible disaster in which an ether saturator figured at the Paris bazaar.
Most of the readers of the Optica Maaic Lantern JOURNAL must be practical lanternists, with more or less experience, but discussions show now and again that there are still many who regard even modern saturators as liable to be dangerous at any time, however well managed. Seeing that only makers and users can give opinions of any real worth, I offer a few facts and ideas based on some years’ experience with different saturators, stating at once that I have no interest. whatever in, or prejudice against, any such apparatus beyond that of purchasing the best article obtainable from time to time for my own use in optical projection.
To begin, a saturator is simply a metal vessel packed with asbestos, sponge, flannel, or other porous substance, which will absorb liquid ether or gasoline, which is given off in vapour by heating, or passing a small current of oxygen through it, and this driven to the jet, burns exactly like coal gas at the nipple. A direct stream of oxygen from the cylinder is then
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
mixed with this, and produces results similar to gases taken from two cylinders.
With improper use, both are dangerous, more or less ; but in capable hands both are absolutely safe. So long as there is sufficient vaporised ether, and sufficient power to drive it to the jet and keep the flame burning at the nipple only, there is no danger. I say vaporised ether, for if liquid ether gets along the tubes there is an element of danger, but this cannot occur with proper filling and time for saturation, and is of no moment whatever in some apparatus. The risk to be avoided as a general principle, no matter what apparatus is used, is exhaustion of ether. Just.as a certain proportion of coal gas in a room will cause an explosion if brought into contact with flame, so as ether is driven out, the proportion of oxygen in the saturator increases, ultimately making an _ explosive mixture there. Under ordinary circumstances, and especially in one or two saturators and jets combined, this constitutes
no danger whatever,
it being impossible for a flame to pass from the jet down to the gases; and in other kinds, generally speaking, the volume of gas is 80 small, and the apparatus so strong, that there is no danger.
So much for emptying ; now as regards filling. This may be done after dark if necessary, in an ordinary room, with the gas or candle light say 3 feet or more away and above for safety, and not near the fire. I have frequently had it to do under very differing conditions, but always like to be over safe, as ether is very volatile and inflammable. Pure ether is not necessary, and is besides expensive, while methylated ether 720 to :750 is best for the purpose.
Filling should never be attempted, as I understand it has been, with the light still burning at the jet or with a candle burning close to the apparatus.
The question of capacity is important. On the one hand, a saturator should be of such size and the jet of such bore as to last 24 hours at full pressure, without being exhausted. But it should not be made bigger than this, except for very special purposes, as the larger it is, the greater the volume of gases when the two reach explosive point, and it might then prove what a lady once described it, when enquiring, ‘‘a, shatterator.”
There are on .the market two types of apparatus, viz., one comprising a complete appa- ratus fitting inside the lantern, the other being saturators simply, and connected like cyclinders up to the jet which may be of any good make,
The Optical Magic Lantern J ournal and Photographic Enlarger,
xxi.
BENETFINK & CO.
ime Great City Depot for MAGIC LANTERNS and SLIDES. “SpE
Special Cheap Line.
Japanned Tin Lantern, fitted with
4-inch Condensers, Sliding Tube, Rack-
work Lens, and 3-wick Lamp for burning Petroleum,
CATALOGUES Post Free.
Russian Iron Lantern. Adapted for use with Incandescent Gas, 4-inch Condensers, Brass Sliding Front, good quality, Projection Lens, with Flasher
and Rack and Pinion Focusing.
Price Complete in Metal Case, containing
New Pattern Japanned Tin Lantern,
With 4-inch Condensers, Sliding Front, ood quality, Projection Lens, with Pisses and Rack and Pinion Focus-
Net, 18/- Burner with Mantle and Talc Chimney, ing, 4-wick Lamp for burning If fitted with 4-wick Lamp and Flasher Gas Jet and Tray, Reflector and Special | Petroleum, packed cope in neat to Lens, and packed in Carrying Case, Top, as illustration, | rales:
Net, 22/6. Net, 38/6. Net, 25/6.
The above Linterns take full-size Slides, 3} by 33. Lightning Carriers, 1/- each.
S9, 90, 107, 108, Cheapside, LONDON, E.C.
THE PENDANT SATURATOR.
sm TO OXYCEN i TAP OF JET
ABSOLUTE SAFETY.
Y FILLER PLUG
\ TO OXYCEN CYLINDER SATURATOR
No. 1.—For Jets , consuming ap to 34 cubic feet per hour.
No. 2.—For High
Power Jets, Cine-
matographs, etc.
OVERFLow ¢\ eLuc ©
Write for particulars and Testimonials.
Revolution in Jets IT]
wuwvwywuvrwwwwwrwowwwo ve
1,SOOQ CANDLE-POWER.
These Jets, which have caused a revolution in Limelight, still lead. First in economy, brilliancy, and ease of manipulation. Free trial allowed. Efficiency guaranteed. For Mixed gas or ether.
Write for Particulars to the Manufacturers—
DRAWBRIDGE,
S. WILLWAY & SONS,
BRISTOL.
xxii.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
' 6x BON-ACCORD 32,
ACETYLENE GAS GENERATOR.
bs ‘Simple, Efficient, Safe, and Cheap.
2
Po Ot
I.—Lantern Size, 21s.
No. II.—Studio Size, 30s.
No.
Lantern Fitting, 7s.
Studio Outfit, 42s. and 50s, hee SEND FOR LIST. paced PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OPTICAL . . APPARATUS.
f i EI
A. & G. SMITH, Opticians, ABERDEEN.
CAN BE OBTAINED FROM ALL DEALERS.
The New Silver Lantern Screen.
(PATENT.) LEWIS WRIGHT & ANDERTON'S
SILVER SGREEN
Will practically more than double the illuminating power of oil lamp, incandescent gas, or acetylene.
If limelight or electric arc be your illuminant, you have at command the means of greatly increasing your light; or if you do not desire such increase, you can retain your present illumination at one half your present expenditure of gases or electricity.
With ordinary oil lamp or incandescent gas burner, a bright 9 feet picture (not disc) is obtainable.
PRICES. £s.d. 5 feet square with roller and moulding 15 0 6 ” ” ” 115 0 7 " ” " 250 8 ” " " 215 0 9 ” ” ” 3.7 6 10 ” ” ” 400 12 ” i i 510 0
“T expected a better illumination with it than with an ordinary opaque screen, and I was agreeably surprised to find the increase nearly double what I had expected.”—Editor, Optical Magic Lantern Journal,
‘We were astonished at seeing the enormous increase in brilliancy which is attained by this screen.''—Photographic News.
Sole Makers— From all Dealers.
R. FIELD & Co., Lantern Manufacturers, 142, Suffolk Street, BIRMINGHAM.
— EsTaBLISHED 1817. —-
—_—_—_—_—_—_e————— eee eee
ge VEVERS’ LANTERN SPECIALITIES. ™e
VEVERS’ “‘ SECURITY ” SLIDE BOX (Protected).
Five compart- ments, each holding 25 lantern slides. Slides lay flat, and as exhibited, are = placed in empty =“ compartment. Lids A fold perfectly flat
. against box, hence no projections, Slides packed in this box can be safely sent per post or rail. 100 Slides occupy less space than 50 in grooved box. No breakage. No sticking in grooves. No slides shown out of proper order. No more trouble.
Best make stained walnut and varnished boxes, 38. 9d. each. In polished mahogany, 5s. Ditto, with lock and key, 68.
MATERIALS FOR MAKING LANTERN SLIDES.
USE VEVERS g LANTERN SLIDE
In Twetve Corours.—Yellow, Pink, Green, Cerise, Orange, Ruby, Ultramarine, Silver, Bronze, Olive Green, Black (one side),
and Black (both sides). 6d. per box, post free, 7d.; or in packets of °
20, any one shape and colour, 2d., post free, 3d. Cushion, Circular, Oblong, Dome, and Oval.
Vevers’ Coloured Lantern Slide Binders.
In Srx Covours.—Orange, Green, Lilac, Pink, Blue, and Black. Packed in neat box, 6d. per 100; post free, 7d.
VEVERS’ NEW SLIDE CARRIER.
A double registering Carrier, which automatically raises the slide out of the frame after exhibition, thus facilitating its removal and avoiding the glasses being soiled by the fingers,
Best quality in mahogany, 2s, Postage, 3d. extra,
VEVERS' LANTERN SLIDE CAMERA,
IAS i er 2 a ts * ‘ i : i
This apparatus, used in connection with an ordinary camera and lens, can be employed either for reducing (for lantern slides, etc.), copying same size, or enlarging, by gaslight or daylight, in or out of doors, in horizontal or inclined position.
The 3-plate apparatus is fitted with 2-plate carrier, and the 1-1 plate with $ and 3 carriers. Price, $-plate size, 178. 6d. ; 1-1 plate, 25s.
_VEVERS’ VIVOGRAPH, 72Jsiest2nees
Absolutely silent. Ready November 22nd. £5. Cinematograph Films (all makes), from 17s. 6d. each, Film Winders, Alum Tanks, and Accessories.
GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of Photographic and Lantern Apparatus, Slides, etc. Catalogues Free.
Cc. C. VEVERS, Patentee and
Maker, 163, Briggate, LEEDS.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
though special jets for ether are best. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, but this rule may be taken as a general test, that it ought to be possible to recharge any saturator till it overflows, and then drain it a few seconds, without any calculation as to how much was left in from last time, and that when so filled and left to saturate, preferably two or three hours before using, the light should be abso- lutely free from flicker. Iam well acquainted with four different types that are all deservedly
popular (the Scott, Lawson, Gridiron, and Pen- |!
dant), and while each one has disadvantages, it might not be judicious to state them in this article, though I could point them out. Their advantages, perhaps no one will object to my stating, as a result of actual experience.
No. 1.—The Scott is good, especially with the jet by the same maker.
No. 2.—The Lawson is absolutely safe and simple in its later forms.
No. 3.—The Gridiron works well, andis an ornament to any lantern.
No. 4.—The Pendant is easily filled, and with the Gwyer jet, very effective, there beingno flicker with this saturator, but the excellent principle in this combination is certainly worthy better workmanship.
Finally, there is still room, at the top, for a good saturator and jet; of good principle, reasonable capacity, and with working parts especially well finished, always keeping in view the necessary qualification of :absolute safety ;
and while these remarks may not cause any |
improvement in such apparatus to be attempted, I feel they will not be useless if some brother lanternist is induced to try ether with some knowledge of what he is doing.
:0:
eS ——<————— or Seve 598
ACETYLENE APPARATUS WITH VARIABLE LEVEL. This new type of generator consists, essentially, ‘of a gas-holder (G) with moveable bell anda generator (Gc), a simple sheet-iron cylinder widened at the base and communicating with the tank by a pipe (7). It is covered with an iron lid furnished with winged nuts and sur- -mounted by a tap with two outlets (v) through which the gas passes into the holder via pipes
193
(cc). The calcium carbide is placed in a bell basket with a bottom of wide openwork, and secured by catches at the top part of the generator cylinder. The double tap (v) places the generator in communication either with the outer air or gas-holder. In such circumstances the apparatus is set in work as follows:—The tank of the gas-holder is filled with water and the carbide basket is placed in the generator. The lid is secured, and tap (v) turned towards the outer air. Tap (‘r) is opened and the excess of water flows from the tank, driving away the air until the water level reaches the carbide. Evolu- tion of gas now begins, and tap (v) is turned so to guide the gas into the bell. Auto- matism of the appa- ratus is obtained as follows:—Below the roof of the bell is a sheet-iron compartment (a) intended to produce a displacement of level as it rises or falls in the water. It will thus cause at (G) arise or fall of level which will act at (g) so as to cause or break contact with the carbide, and thus regulate the production of gas. This apparatus, which is of French origin, may be recharged whilst in full working.
ACETYLENE GAS JET. In last issue we stated that Mr. F. Brown, of 18, Gate Street, W.C., had purchased the Moss acetylene jet, and now we are enabled to give an illustration of same. It will be seen
that the two burners are controlled separately from behind. The reflector has means for controlling its proper adjustment both horizontal and vertical, .
194
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
The Rontgen Rays.
DEMONSTRATION IN COVENTRY.
Dr. Hatt Epwarps, of Birmingham, who was one of the earliest in this country to investigate the power of the X rays, gave a practical demonstration in Coventry a few weeks ago. The occasion was the opening of the Coventry and Midland Photographic Society, and the meeting was made a public one.
The lecturer commenced with an expression of pleasure at being able to chat with his audience on what he described as one of the most wonderful discoveries of the century. The subject was not purely & photographic one, although he was there to lecture to a Photographic Society, but was only so indirectly. It was more an electrical matter than photographic, but in its science it was either. Dr. Hall Edwards continued to explain the term ‘“ matter’’ as being scientifically something which had weight. So far back as 1816 there had been predicted a matter which would be as different as gas from liquid and liquid from solid. This has been termed radiant matter, and from this a new form of phenomena would come. This was not realised until 1874, when Professor Crookes discovered it. The lecturer next demonstrated the effect of electricity passing through a Crooke’s tube, and showed some pretty coloured effects by the use of different kinds of glass. From the discovery by Crookes there were great possibilities, and X rays, the first possibility of radiant matter, were, he thought, as a mere child to what would be done in time to come, the lecturer incidently mentioning the possibilities in the way of propulsion. Dr. Hall Edwards continued to trace the progress of knowledge in the matter, until he came to Professor Rontgen’s wonderful discovery, and
in regard to this the lecturer said he had experimented .
with some thousands of substances, and there was not one that the rays could not go through. It would go through anything and everything. The ray was not a light ray, and there had been many theories as to what it was, and they would have to rest contented without the proof for the present. Dr. Hall Edwards next proceeded to give his audience a description of the various apparati required to produce the ray, illustrating his remarks by pointing to his own, which were before him, and following this by giving a general invitation to anyone to be photographed by the process. The Mayor at once volunteered to have his hand radiographed, and the lecturer quickly did this, and almost as quickly produced a good negative, showing the bones of the hand, a ring, and several hard substances which had been placed under the hand.
By the aid of a lantern manipulated by Messrs. A. B. Clarke and E. M. Iliffe, the lecturer had thrown on the screen many X rays photographs produced by himself. These included purses with the gold inside thrown distinctly into prominence; side by side came a picture of an ordinary exterior photograph, and an X ray interior of various objects. This was followed by a hand, round which was wound various pieces of wire; a Lee-Metford bullet; a lady’s foot showing, as. the lecturer said, the effect of getting an eight-size foot in a two boot, and various other photographs of scientific interest. There were also several humorous sketches by the lecturer, based upon the absurd fallacies which got abroad on the discovery of X rays being made. ; :
—Se— —S
teh teb The following List, relating to current Patent Applica- tions, 1s compiled expressly for the ‘‘ Optical Magic Lantern Journal” by W. P. Thompson & Co., Patent Agents, of 322, High Holborn, London, W.C., to whom all enquiries for further information should be addressed.
—-—S Co
RECENT PATENT APPLICATIONS,
14th September, 1897. G.B. Ellis (N. Lepage and L. M. Maisonnier, France). Improve- ments in apparatus for producing acetylene gas.
16th September, 1897. A. Lewino, A new or improved toy for producing optical illusions.
16th September, 1897. A. Lewino, An improved apparatus for displaying consecutive figures or pictures of moving objects.
18th September, 1897. H. Morrison. improved kinematograph.
18th September, 1897. J. Windmiiller. An improved device for producing and burning acetylene gas.
18th September, 1897. W.Symons. Improved movable devices for producing optical illusion changes (transparencies).
20th September, 1897. M. Stern. Improve- ments in the mode and means of apparatus connected with the cinematograph, or other apparatus for showing animated ‘pictures, photographs, or other pictures.
22nd September, 1897. L. A. Franks. Improve- ments in jets for optical lanterns.
24th September, 1897. J. Hacking, D. Whalley, and The Ideal Gas Company, Ltd. Improved burner, especially applicable for acetylene gas, giving the only principle of perfect combustion, and free from smoke.
25th September, 1897. The British Acetylene Gas Generator Company, Ltd., and H. K. Spence. Improvements in acetylene gas lamps.
29th September, 1897. Raaul Furr, ments in acetylene lamps.
30th September, 1897. E. W. Porter. An - improved method of exhibiting photographs applied to candle and other illuminant screens.
30th September, 1897. C.C. Nevers. Improve- ments in apyaratus or machinery for exhibiting, taking, or printing moving or animated photographs.
1st October, 1897. A. Wrench. Improvements in flanges for carrying objectives in optical lanterns. :
1st October, 1897. A. Elkan and J. Sternberg. An improved apparatus for taking and pro- jecting chromo-photographic views.
4th October, 1897. A. Flack. Improved appara- tus for producing acetylene gas,
No. 21094.
21262.
21263.
21408. A new or
21464.
21480.
21516.
21685,
21889,
21970.
22350. Improve-
22383.
22423.
22489,
22558.
22730.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xxili.
RILEY BROTHERS,
PRIZE MEDALLISTS, CHICAGO EXHIBITION.
55 and 57, GODWIN STREET, BRADFORD, ENGLAND, and 16, BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK.
Having Branches also in Boston, Chicago, Kansas City, and Minneapolis, and at Dunedin, N.Z., we are prepared to prove that we are THE LARGEST LANTERN OUTFITTERS IN THE WORLD, and being extensive Makers and Exporters can command the best terms, and are therefore able to Su PPLY OUR CUSTOMERS WITH THE BEST GOODS
IMPROVED at prices (when value is considered) much below ordinary dealers.
[ Pracstanmis Our ‘“PRAESTANTIA” Lantern at £4 4s.
H 4 q ES fm. COMPLETE (fitted for Oil) is acknowledged by hundreds to be the BEST, : 2 BRIGHTEST and CHEAPEST LANTERN in the TRADE. » Or if fitted for OIL and LIMELIGHT £4 15s. Fitted with LAWSON SATURATOR £510s. It is the Banner Lantern of the World.
We have sold more of this Lantern than can be proved of any other Lantern in - existence, and have thousands of testimonials to its worth from ad part of the globe.
go. away ‘with the idea that this is our only Lantern that has produced a sensation in the market, Our
Prize Medal “ Monarch ” Bi-unial, at $21 10s.,
Has the largest Sale of any Bi-unial Lantern in the market, and gives Universal Satisfaction. Fitted with the
NEW 1,000 owes LAWSON SATURATOR, £24 10s.
Giving a light never yet got by any Bi-unial offered. IT IS SIMPLE TO WORK, AND SAFE IN ANY HANDS.
If you want the best of everything in the lantern world consult us, we sn infrniattod gladly.
LAWSON Patent SATURATORS
For Single and Bi-unial Lanterns. Have many imitators, but no équals. They were first in the field, and. take the lead still. Simple, safe, economical. Giving the brightest form of Limelight attainable. Over 2,000 now in work. Write for par- ticulars of the New 1,000 Candle-power Bi-unial Saturator. An immense success.
OUR NEW SETS for this Season include: “The Victorian Era," ‘Our Brave icanatea ¥ we The City of Mexico,” 9 New Illustrated Songs, ‘‘Manners and Customs of the East,'’ New sets of ‘‘ Moses” and “Joseph,” ‘ Hawaii,” “Niagara,” «New York to Niagara,” ‘Life of Luther,” ‘“ Yellowstone Park,” ‘““Old New York,” « On the way to Klondike,” and many others.
OUR HIRE DEPARTME NT (50 slides loaned for 3s.) is the largest and most complete in the world. Best Sets published added yearly. Outfits sold on Monthly Payments System. For Particulars and Catalogues write
RILEY BROS., 55 & 57, Godwin Street, Bradford, England.
Catalogues, 6d. Hire List, Free. Buyer's Guide, 1jd. Operator's and Hirer’s Guide, 23d., free by post.
xxiv. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ox WATSON?’S Xo
Magic Lanterns and Lantern Slides. JOHN WATSON,
Lantern and Slide Manufacturer,
34, GRAINGER STREET, NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
EVERYTHING OF THE BEST QUALITY AT LOWEST PRICES. NEW TRAVEL SETS. NEW TEMPERANCE SETS. NEW ILLUSTRATED SONGS AND HYMNS. NEW COMIC SLIDES. JUBILEE SLIDES. SLIDES ON THE LIFE OF THE QUEEN.
One of the Best and Largest Stocks in the Provinces.
New Films for the CINEMATOGRAPH, including the Jubilee Procession, &c., &c,
A NEW ILLUMINANT—ACETYLENE GAS.
We keep a full stock of Generators, Special Jets, and Calcium Carbide, for the production of this wonderful light, and will be glad to give any information. There is no doubt that there is a tremendous future before it.
The same low prices, personal attention, and high quality of Slides and Lanterns, which have built up for Mr. Watson one of the largest Lantern businesses in the country, will be maintained ; and customers can rely upon prompt attention to all orders.
yy p THE FOLDING CYLINDER STAND New ‘*Phonix’’ Focus-Keeping Arc Lamp Sere
FOR OPTICAL LANTERN WITH PARALLEL MOTION. (if
(Patent applied for.)
= a =—— = a A Striking Gear, 7, D Milled Head Screw for alter- B Adjustment for altering incli- ing distance of Carbons.
nation of Carbon.
C Horizontal adjustment or Carbon. F Horizontal ,,
E Vertical adjustment of Radiant
£3 3 THIS LAMP IS SPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR 8. OPTICAL LANTERNS AND STAGE LIGHTS. SS
The Lamp is hand-fed at p, and the parallel movement imieoaseene serail anita retains the Carbons in their respective positions through- COPYRIGHT renmeaige ee out the whole time they are burning, and hence no Folding Lever Key (Murray’s Patent), 1/9.
adjustment is necessary after first “_ the arc. THE SCOTCH & IRISH OXYGEN CO., LTD., REYNOLDS & BRANSON, 14, Commercial St., LEEDS. ROSEHILL WORKS, POLMADIE, GLASGOW.
‘at
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
195
22747. 4th October, 1897. J. Bonn. connection with the projection of photo- graphs of animated subjects and methods of taking the said photographs.
5th October, 1897. A. B. Langham. Improve- ments in apparatus for displaying a series of representations of moving objects.
5th October, 1897. V. Hyder. A compact optical lantern outfit for acetylene gas.
5th October, 1897. W. H. Wheatley (C. W. Beck, United States). Improvements in lamps for generating and burning acetylene gas.
6th October, 1897. J. Whitehead and A. Slater. Improvements in automatic apparatus for the generation and storage of acetylene gas.
8th October, 1897. H. Howse and D. E. Hipwell. Improved apparatus for producing optical illusions.
22763,
22776.
22850.
22929,
23129,
SPECIFICATIONS PUBLISHED.
Copies of the following specifications may be obtained by remitting 1/- for each specification to W. P. Thompson & Co., Patent Agents, 822, High Holborn, London, W.C.
21381 of 1896. Joly. Chromo - photographic apparatus adapted for the projection of positives upon a screen.
21382 of 1896. Joly. Chromo-photographic apparatus.
28082 of 1696. Ives. Apparatus for illuminating photo- chromoscope pictures.
24611 of 1896. Kay. Portable apparatus for acetylene gas.
25488 of 1896. Fournier. Acetylene gas. 30037 of 1896. De Résener. Acetylene gas.
26897 of 1896. Vaughan-Sherrin. Production of acety- Jene gas.
16960 of 1897. Cowan and Iles. Projection of represen- tations of pictures upon screens.
18014 of 1897. Rateau. Chromo - photographic appa- ratus.
19823 of 1897. Sharp and Marsh. Acetylene production.
20:
WIRE SONS IDD ODDO DAA D OND ODD OOD OD DD dos f 3
pa Editorial able. x3
TREE RHR HS
RiLey Brozuers’ CaTaLoGus. — Messrs. Riley, of Bradford, have issued a new catalogue of somewhat peculiar size, 44 by 11 inches. It contains particulars of a variety of lanterns, saturators, and other apparatus of
na manufacture, together with a copious list of sets of slides,
R. H. Crarx’s CaraLoaur.—Mr. Clark, of Royston, Herts, has issued a very substantial and neatly printed catalogue, in which is set forth complete lanterns for standard size slides, from 17s. Gd. up to about £30. General fittings, colours, About 200 pages are occupied with lists of various eubjects, for which slides are kept in stock.
“ComMERcIAL Uses or Coat Gas.” — Warrington, Manchester and London: Fletcher Russell and Co., Ltd. This book is intended by the author, Thomas Fletcher,
etc., are also illustrated. |
1
Improvements in :
F.C.S., as a supplement to his previous book on “ Coal Gas as a Fuel.’ Numerous gas appliances are illustrated to show their adaptability for various trade uses, including bacon drying, cigar conditioning, muffle furnaces, etc., etc.
‘“‘CHEMISTRY FOR PHOTOGRAPHERS,” 1s. London: Dawbarn & Ward.—Mr. Ch. F. Townsend, F.C.S., F.R.P.S., deals in an interesting way with such subjects
; as chemistry of the photographic image, developers,
reversal, reduction, printing in silver, salts of iron,
' platinum and bichromate, recovery of residues, etc. , Photographers will find this an excellent reference book.
Lanternists’ Pocket Boox.—A neat pocket book
containing table and other information for lanternists
has been issued by Messrs. Butcher and Son, of Black- heath. These can be obtained from most dealers in apparatus, free of charge.
E.G, Woop’s CaTaLoGus.—Mr. Wood, of 74, Cheapside, has issued a new supplementary catalogue of slides in which is included the following sets of slides :—Life and times of Queen Victoria; Growth of the Queen’s dominions; Victorian Era; Diamond Jubilee procession
: and illuminations ; Calcutta to Burmah ; Coast of India;
. the cylinder with the saturator,
Siam to Bormmeo; A trip to Paris; and many other interesting sets.
T. T. Wina's SripEs.—Mr. Wing, of Chatteris, Cambs., has sent us samples of slides made and coloured by him. The plain slides are very clear, of good and pleasing tone, and the colouring is carefully executed. Mr. Wing does a big business both with the trade and with private customers in connection with preparing and colouring slides. Mr. Wing has at the present time a large quantity of secondhand slides which he is selling at very low prices.
—:0:— & Correspondence, He
ETHER SATURATORS—AN EXPLANATION WANTED.
To the Editor, e
Str,—I had last week an extremely unpleasant experi- ence with an ether saturator, and I shall be glad to know if any of your readers have had a similar difficulty, and whether their explanation of the matter is similar to mine.
About half-an-hour after lighting up I found that the
; light jumped in a peculiar way, and I concluded that
ether was being forced unevenly on to the lime cylinder. The saturator which I use is fitted with a screw valve in the front end, by which the saturated oxygen passes on to the lime. I closed this valve to its fullest extent, and yet to my astonishment I found that the light con- tinued to burn, and that more ether was discharged every second, until the flames became so large in the lantern that they set fire to the woodwork, and it was with great difficulty that I was able to extinguish them. Fortunately, my audience took no alarm, and I was able - to finish my lecture, though without showing any more pictures. _ On taking the apparatus to pieces I found that ether, in @ liquid state, was in the india-rubber tube connecting
and I am convinced that
196
it was a case of ‘distilling back,” than which, I imagine, one can hava no more dangerous working. Had the saturator been overcharged with ether it would have become mavifest at the beginning of the exhibition, and I can only account for what happened in this way :— .As the Jantern became hot and the heat was communi- “cated to the saturator, the ether was vaporised rapidly, and as this vapour could not‘escape fast enough by the usual outlet in front, it was forced back against the pressure of oxygen from the cylinder, and in coming in contact with the cold tube outside, it was condensed into ‘liquid, and was thence impelled up the other passage and was shot in drops on to the lime cylinder, thus producing the enlarged flames of which I spoke. My closing the front valve only increased the difficulty, ‘because the expansion of ether continued in the chamber, and the rush back was greater than before.
I may say that I have worked a saturator now fora considerable time, and on almost every occasion with great satisfaction, but this alarming development makes me feel thst it is absolutely unfair to au audience to use ap apparatus which is liable to such dangerous develop- ments, ard which might at any moment cause a disaster equal in horror to that which took place at the Paris bazaar. :
I am communicating my experience to the makers of this saturator, but I think it only right to warn my fellow lanternists of what appears to me to be an unknown peril.
I am, Sir, Yours faithfully,
A. DOWNES-SHAW. 14th October, 1897.
—: 0 :—— LS a
“
Bates and Queries. ARG”
d
L. B, Allingham.—You will find a great difficulty in obtaining a cinematograph and filma for same on hire, unless you consent for the firm to also send an operator. Several pounds worth of damage can be done to films in a few minutes by inexperienced hands.
Rev.—.—(1) A silvered screen can be obtained through any lantern dealer, or direct from Field and Co., 142, Suffolk Street, Birmingham. (2). The sheeting spoken of can be rendered more opaque by means of a coating of whitewash.
4. B.C.— You will find illustrated particulars of aphengescopes in this journal for January, 1890, and November, 1892. :
H. Nash.—With a satisfactory jet there is little or no difference in the intensity of light between mixed jet with oxygen and hydrogen, and oxygen and ether. Still, if you can obtain both gases easily, you will probably prefer the working of the former.
F. W. Cooper.—Replied by post, and also returned the ‘make up”’ of book.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Ton writes :—Can you or any of your numerous readers give an explanation of the introductory slide in set ‘“ Trial of Sir Jasper—the Golden Mean of Temperance " ? There is no reference to this slide in the poem by Mr. Hall. Ans.—Many intrcductory slides are left. with the artist who illustrates the set, and have nothing to do with the reading. We are not acquainted, however, with
| the particular slide in question, but the set is issued by
Messrs. Riley, of Bradford, and perhaps they. could explain matters.
J. J. B.—Messrs. Ail & Son, slide colourists, 33, Ports- down Road, Maida Vale.
ft. Pendlebury.—We cannot at the moment supply you
‘with the name of anyone in Bolton who would undertake
to give you lessons in slide colouring. Perhaps a small advertisement in our columns would bring the desired information. :
A. B. C.—(1) We think you can get wide material at any large draper's, but are afraid not under the name of Holland. Spring roller will cost a few shillings— inquire Avery and Co., Great Portland Street, W. (2) To ensure lantern and screen being at the same angle, make two narrow strips of brass, say 2 inches long, point one end, and bore a hole in the other, so that when fastened to side of lantern with a-small nail it can swing freely; place another of same size on side of screen stand, and make a scale of parts of an inch near point of strip. When the strip on both lantern and screen point to the same number the apparatus will be at the correct angles, (3) We like the “to and fro” carrier. Weak@n the stage springs if they are too strong, and also insert a small washer of leather on ends of spring rods. (4) The easiest way would be to have screen roller at top after the style of an ordinary blind. Roll the pull-up cord round end of roller, and when this is pulled the screen will roll up. To the end of roller a ratchet wheel can be placed—a,’ ratchet catch will, of course, also be required; you can
| get such fittings from any ironmonger (Robert Shaw’s
patent blind ends and support) for about 6d. The screen can be lowered by simply pulling the cord away from the front, which releases the catch, then slacking off the cord.
Jas. Steward, E. Dumont, E. A. Robins, Ralph Ash- croft, Rev. John St. John, in our next.
A. B. Oldham.—We will communicate with the writer of article.
A. Holmes.—At 20 feet distance ‘a lens of 8 inch focus will give a disc of 73 feet, and at same distance a 9 inch focus will give 6} feet. We thiok for simplicity a bi-unial with the Stedman-Brown oxygen generator and blow-through jet should suit your requirements. If however you prefer oil, then two lanterns side by side.
° A, Meager.—Your remarks re price of gas will finda place in next journal.
I. J. B.—The jet is perfectly safe under all conditions.
G. Cooper.—(1) Mr. Cheney has not advertised with us for the last year or'so. The address at Beckenham was the correct one. We do not know where he has moved to, or whether he is still in business. (2) E. G. Platt, Birkbeck Road, Ridley Road, Dalston, London, N.E.
H. Early—(1) Saturators are stuffed with several materials, including cotton wool, flannel, hair, asbestos, etc. (2) We shall be. glad to have particulars of your
| new apparatus when finished. (3) ANNUAL was published
October 16th.
The = Magic Lantern Journal and Piinensee pie Enlarger. XV.
. RILEY'S tvs Bineoptoseope
For showing Animated Photographs on the Sereen. Patented in all Countries. Can be fixed into the Stage ‘4 Of an ordinary Lantern—an Advantage possessed by no J other Apparatus. :
PRICE, as shown here (without Jet) £17.
- Works [, splendidly. /
Apparatus, as shown PRICE £10,
Apparatus only .. £10:0:0 Complete, with Russian
Iron Lantern, Alum
ey and Lens, in 23:
£15: 10:0.
Compe. with Mahog-
any Lantern, fitting
into stage, as shown
(Fig.1) .. £17 :0:0.° Do. as shown (Fig. 3)
fom #£19:10:0 to £24.
Do. Bi-unial ee
(Fig. 4) £24 :10:0 to £82. KINEOPTOSCOPE CAMERA
for taking Cinemat-graph Negatives, 20 Guineas. LIBERAL “DISCOUNTS TO THE TRADE.
Price, as shown FILMS.
here (no jets, etc.) " ica Airhicaead ‘pean. eee . : Our own make supplied, olesale an etail. Goo £24 BOO subjects. Steady motion. ALL OTHER MAKERS' FILMS SUPPLIED. Write for Kineoptoscope Pamphlet,
Free on application.
RILEY BROTHERS,
55-57, Godwin St.. BRADFORD, Eng., Invite all interested in Projecting Apparatus to write them for particulars of this wonderful machine.
A challenge to all other machines for being steady, bright, devoid “of flicker, strong, portable, and simple.
Professor Steen writes—‘' Success unprecedented ; beats all other machines. Never had one breakdown.”
56 Best Quality Films, assorted, from £18 upwards.
ALL BEST FILMS SUPPLIED.
May be sgan nf wor in CONDON, SICH EL we 00, 00, Berners Street, Oxford Street, LONDON.
EXVi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
ROBERT H. CLARK'S
Specialities in Optical Lanterns.
The “RECORD” .. ee +. 3 wick 17/6 ws 4 wick 18/6 The “SPECIAL” .. oe as 3 4, 20/- ws 4 ,, 22/6
4-inch compound condensers, achromatic portrait front lenses, 2-inch > wicks to the lamps, and complete in travelling cases.
The ‘“‘ECLIPSE” .. oe we 3 wick 28/6 4 wiek 30/- The ‘‘ PROFESSIONAL” .. 7 3 ,, 85/6 -- |& yy) 40/- The Improved ‘‘PROFESSIONAL” 3 .,, 40/- 4 ,, 42/6
The ‘‘ CLIMAX" ae 3 4, 47/6 4 4 50/-
Wahogany Body Lanterns from 64/6.
ROBERT H. CLARK'S NEW “STANDARD”
LANTE RN. Complete in Travelling banca whe (2-in.) wick Lamp’ .. - 24/- » 4(2-in,) wick Lamp .. .. .. 26/-
TESTIMONIAL.
85, Hartland Road, West Ham, Essex, October 25th, 1893. DEAR Mr. CLARK,—Am glad to inform you ‘that the “ Standard” Lantern sent me gave every satisfaction, both as to brilliancy of picture and crisp definition, at our lecture Jast Thuraday evening to an audience of close upon 500. I cannot too highly extol the make and finish of goods sent from your establishment. Faithfully yours,
JAMES A. SPARKES.
Robert H. Clark’s “Silver Star” Russian lron Lantern
As supplied to the ‘‘ Silver Star’ Society. (The Marquis of Northampton, President.) Prices from 67s. 6d. FOR FULL DESCRIPTION, SEE aay Aree
The following important Testimonial has been received from the Hon. Sec. to the ‘Silver Star’ Society :— “My Dear S1r,—After having used your Lanterns at over 8CO lectures in a]l parte of London and the Suburbs, and various country towns and villages, it gives me much pleasure to say that they have given us the greatest possible satisfaction. Yours faithfully, WALTER S, RoBBINs.””
Robert H. Clark’s New Pattern Russian Iron Lantern.
Fitted with Stocks’ patent lamp (125 standard candle-power), the most perfect, most powerful, and most portable Oil Lantern ever made. Price complete £4 10s.
ROBERT H. CLARK’S SPECIALITIES IN OPTICAL LANTERN SLIDES.
Hand-painted from 4d.; Photographic, including Sets, Bible Pictures, Church Service, Texts, Hymns, Scenery, Natural History, Statuary, Portraits, Mottoes, &., &c., from 6d, each.
Splendidly Coloured Slides in Sets of 12; price 2s. 3d. per Set,
Full-size Changing Comic Slipping Slides in mahogany frames, 6s. 6d. ‘does ; Lever Action, 23. each; Rackwork (including Chromatrcp:s), 2s. 6d. each; Hand-painted Skipping, 2s 9d. each; Best Quality Double Motion Chromatr. pes, 4s. 33.; Extra designs, 6d., 1s., 2s., 3s., per pair.
SLIDES FOR SMALL LANTERNS from 5d. per dozen.
Lantern Stands from 12s. 6d. ‘Lightning’ Double Carrier Frames from 1s, Reading Lamps with Flash Shutter shewing Red Light Signal, 2s. Grooved Boxes to hold 50 Slides, 1s. 2d. Sereens, Sereen Stands, and all other Accessories.
New and Enlarged Catalogue, with many reductions i in price, gratis and post free, ee, on application to—
ROBERT H. CLARK, ‘crc ROYSTON, HERTS.
No shutter, results.
and_ headache.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Xxvil.
HUGHES
manvevtous PAMPHENGOS.
FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS .—The finest Oil Lighted Lantern extant, gives
brilliant 12 to 14 feet pictures; no smell, no smoke, no broken glasses; over
3,000 sold; 4-inch Condensers and large diameter Lenses, which give superb
results. Not 44-inch and long focus lenses. With oil, these involve loss of light — nor chimney dampers, which are evils to be eschewed.
t= NOTH—The £6 6s. is reduced to £4 4s. The £4 4s. 7 ns £3 10s. Have no other if you want pleasure and satisfaction. Hundreds of Testimonials from legitimate sources. Particulars Free.
THE MARVELLOUS PAMPHENGOS LAMPS. The £2 2s. reduced to £1 10s.
The £1 10s. to £1 5s. The £1 ls. to 16s. 6d. Hughes’ Universal 4-wick Lantern, 18s, 6d.. Handsome mahogany brass fronted Bi-unials, 2610s, Blow-through Jets, 8s. 6d, Mixed Gas, 12s. Cheapest house in the world for good things. Before purchasing, send for Mr. Hughes’ elaborately illustrated Catalogue, 180 original‘engravings, price 6d , postage 4d. 60,000 Slide List, 5d. Mr. ‘Hughes, at his rooms and studio, has the grandest display of high- ‘Class Projecting Lan-
terns, Novelties, Effects,
Carriers, &c.,&c., the world
has ever seen. The « Doc-
i ol | wra,”’ the ‘‘ Grand,” the “Miniature Malden" Tri- ples, as supplied to Ma- dame Patti, Prof. Malden, Dr. H. Grattan Guinness, the Maharajah of Mysore,
i
=|! = el
Colin Docwra, Esq , Capt.
=
|
New Lecture Sets, Nansen and Queen's Jubilee, &e,
Chas. Reade, R.N., the i Polytechnic, &c., &c. Pam- phlets free. My i 50 it F i Beautifally Coloured {ty el Slides HA on Loan, 3s.
HUGHES’ MOTO-PHOTOSCOPE.
No flickering. For showine the Living Pictures. Magnificent
Pictures obtained with this machine from 8 to 20 feet. No shutter,
therefore no flickering, which eclipses all others in the world. No eyesache
Will show pretty pictures alternately, and has great
facilities for changing the Pee and the winding of same done in =
ten seconds, - Is the most simple and most perfect piece of mechanism extant, Magnificent engineers’ hizh-class work without this perfection cannct be ob- tained. Professor Malden says:—‘‘A great success. The ma- chine works beautifully, ig and brought down up- '§ roarious applause. The people, with one accord, y say it isthe best they have ever seen.’
No. 1, price £35 10s. No. 2, price £24 10s. complete. If without Lanterns, No. 1, £27; * No. 2, £20.° Illustrated
particulars, 2d.
i i 1
HUGHES' EXWIBITORS'
‘aaa? PHOTOSCOPE,
Price £14 14s.
Bicsisaly thesame in principle as Nos. 1 and 2. A portable, perfect, and cheap little Instrument.
Particulars Free.
HUGHES’ MOTO BIJOu
hiving Picture Camera.
The most simple and perfect extant. Weighs only 6 lbs. Measures only 73 by 43 by 73. Can “be used as a Camera, a Projector, and a Hand
Camera. Price £15. Ditto, for 24-inch Films, £35, Ditto, for 3-inch Films, £56. Particulars Free,
W. ¢. HUGHES, Specialist in opiica Projection, Brewster House, 82, Mortimer Rd., Kingsland, N.
XXViii.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
“WANTED:
All HIRERS of LANTERN SLIDES
TO SEND FOR MY Hire Lists of Specially Coloured LIFE MODEL SETS. #08?
FREE. The Best and Cheapest House in the World. Temperance and Mission Sets a Speciality.
Appress— “OARG? FRANK KNIGHT (reac ¢xtaerson) LUTON.
DARLINGTON’S HAND-BOOKS TO NORTH WALES.
With Maps by John Bartholomew, F.R.G.S., and é Messrs. W. & A. K. Johnston. Crown 8v0., Extensively Illustrated, Full Lists on Application. DARLINGTON’S NATURALIST SERIES. The Birds, Wild Flowers, Ferns, Mosses & Grasses of N. Wales. By Ralph Darlington, F.R.G.S., F.R.B.S., F.R.H.S.
Full Lists and Press Opinions on Application. LLANGOLLEN: R. DARLINGTON & CO. LONDON: SUTTON, DROWLE & CO.; W. H. SMITH & SON, Railway Bookstalls and all Booksellers.
OPTICAL LANTERN LECTURES, By RALPH DARLINGTON, F.R.G.S. My T:avels in Egypt and Experiences on the Nile—150 Slides. My Travels in Greece, Turkey and Asia Minor—100 Slides. Across North Atrica—90 Slides. Pompeii, Past and Present, and the Bay of Naples—80 Slides. The Sights of Rome—50 Slides.
Ocnstant nople and its People. er 5 Prospectuses and Terms for Lectures on Application.
R. DARLINGTON, Greenheys, Llangollen, North Wales.
OPTICAL LANTERNS & SLIDES
TO ALL
IMPORTANT <2 LIMELIGHT USERS!
“ox BORLAND’S Ko.
PATENT SCISSORS ARG LAMPS
Direct and Alternating Currents.
Made in Three Types Hand Feeding. Self-Striking & Hand
Feeding.
The “Dot.” The only auto- matic Arc Lamp in the market which fits all ordi- nary Optical Lanterns on the limelight tray without any alterations
A pS
Invaluable for Theatrical Purposes, Lantern Projections, Enlarging, Printing, and Photographing.
Prices, Particulars, and Testimonials free on application to—
F. J. BORLAND,
Sheepscar Grove, LEEDS.
=| | IS
OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY ONLY.
NEWTON & CO,’S 232%: “ DEMONSTRATORS ” LANTERN,
FOR OIL OR LIMELIGHT.
With Prisms for Erecting, and for Vertical Projection.
Price £10 10s
3, FLEET STREET,
The most simple and efficient
Single Lantern
yet constructed for general
scientific work. LONDON. NEW CATALOGUE «<—_—> of Lanterns, Pro-
jection Apparatus and Slides.
Post Free,
6 Stamps.
New Detailed Illustrated Catalogne of Lanterns and Slides, 6 stamps NEWTON & Co. manufacture Patent Newtonian 4-wick Oil Lamps. Major Holden's Arc Lamp. Newton’s Patent Hand Feed Lamp. Newton’s Patent ‘‘Demonstrator's’” Lantern. Patent Adjusting Tray for Jets. Askew’s Patent Combination Lantern Box and Stand. Wright's Lantern Microscope. Wright's Oxy-Hydrogen Jets with “ Pringle-Cut off.” The ‘‘ Miniatare " Lantern. The Scientist’s Bi-~Unial. Traill Taylor's Triple Oondeneer.
NEWTON & CO.’S
NEW LANTERN SLIDES,
Season 1897.98.
LIST NOW READY. Nansen’s ‘Farthest North,” with Reading. Tissot's ‘‘ Life of Christ.”
“ British Workman "’ Series, ‘“ Life of Christ.” Diamond Jubilee Procession. Switzerland. Italy. Veterinary Science. Rothamstead Experiments. The Naturalist in Australia.
F.L.S.
Spanish and Dutch Birds’ Nests. Steam Engines.
Famous Artists and their Work. Children’s Tales, &c., &c.
New Detailed Illustrated Catalogue of Lanterns and Slides, 6 Stamps.
“ae
Norway.
By W. Saville Kent,
By R.B. Lodge.
THE ABOVE SLIDES ARE PUBLISHED ONLY By
NEWTON & Co,, 3, Fleet St., London, E.C.
Printed and Published by the Proprietors, Taz Magio LANTERN JOURNAL ComPaNy, Ltp., 9, Oarthusian Street, London, E.0.
Digitized by the Magic Lantern Society The Magic Lantern Society
http://www.magiclantern.org.u
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